20.16
Mūlamadhyamakakārikā / 20. Sāmagrī (सामग्री) / 20.16
हेतुः फलेन शून्यश् चेत् कथं जनयते फलम् हेतुः फलेनाशून्यश् चेत् कथं जनयते फलम्
hetuḥ phalena śūnyaś cet kathaṃ janayate phalam hetuḥ phalenāśūnyaś cet kathaṃ janayate phalam
The line
If you say that a reason, in in the fruit, not empty, then how, produces, the fruit, a reason, a compound: phalenā (फलेना), and empty, if you say, if, how, produces, the fruit.
Where it sits
In Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (मूलमध्यमककारिका), chapter 20. Sāmagrī (सामग्री). The collection of causes. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: hetuḥ (हेतुः) + phale (फले) + na (न) + śūnyaḥ (शून्यः) + cet (चेत्) + kathaṃ (कथं) + janayate (जनयते) + phalam (फलम्) + hetuḥ (हेतुः) + phalenā-śūnyaḥ (फलेना-शून्यः) + cet (चेत्) + kathaṃ (कथं) + janayate (जनयते) + phalam (फलम्)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| hetuḥ (हेतुः) | nominative singular, masculine | a reason |
| phale (फले) | locative singular | in the fruit |
| na (न) | indeclinable | not |
| śūnyaḥ (शून्यः) | nominative singular, masculine | empty |
| cet (चेत्) | indeclinable | if you say, if |
| kathaṃ (कथं) | indeclinable | how |
| janayate (जनयते) | present, third person singular | produces |
| phalam (फलम्) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | the fruit |
| hetuḥ (हेतुः) | nominative singular, masculine | a reason |
| phalenā-śūnyaḥ (फलेना-शून्यः) | nominative singular, masculine | a compound: phalenā (फलेना), and empty. Read it from the end |
| cet (चेत्) | indeclinable | if you say, if |
| kathaṃ (कथं) | indeclinable | how |
| janayate (जनयते) | present, third person singular | produces |
| phalam (फलम्) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | the fruit |
The phrases
hetuḥ (हेतुः) is a reason. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. phale (फले) is in the fruit. It stands as locative singular. na (न) is not. It stands as indeclinable. The line joins them as phalena. śūnyaḥ (शून्यः) is empty. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. The line writes it śūnyaś (शून्यश्). cet (चेत्) is if you say, if. It stands as indeclinable. kathaṃ (कथं) is how. It stands as indeclinable. janayate (जनयते) is produces. It stands as present, third person singular.
phalam (फलम्) is the fruit. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. hetuḥ (हेतुः) is a reason. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. phalenā-śūnyaḥ (फलेना-शून्यः) is a compound: phalenā (फलेना), and empty. Read it from the end. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. The line writes it phalenāśūnyaś (फलेनाशून्यश्). cet (चेत्) is if you say, if. It stands as indeclinable. kathaṃ (कथं) is how. It stands as indeclinable. janayate (जनयते) is produces. It stands as present, third person singular. phalam (फलम्) is the fruit. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter.
Sanskrit in this line
phalenā-śūnyaḥ (फलेना-शून्यः) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case. The line joins them as phalena. The line writes it śūnyaś (शून्यश्). The line writes it phalenāśūnyaś (फलेनाशून्यश्).
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss hetuḥ (हेतुः) and phale (फले).