24.17
Mūlamadhyamakakārikā / 24. Āryasatya (आर्यसत्य) / 24.17
कार्यं च कारणं चैव कर्तारं करणं क्रियामुत्पादं च निरोधं च फलं च प्रतिबाधसे
kāryaṃ ca kāraṇaṃ caiva kartāraṃ karaṇaṃ kriyām utpādaṃ ca nirodhaṃ ca phalaṃ ca pratibādhase
The line
An effect and, a cause and just, an agent, karaṇa (करण), of an act, arising and, stilling and, the fruit and, in a compound: toward, against, and bādhasa (बाधस).
Where it sits
In Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (मूलमध्यमककारिका), chapter 24. Āryasatya (आर्यसत्य). The noble truths. Verse 18 says what śūnyatā (शून्यता) is. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: kāryaṃ (कार्यं) + ca (च) + kāraṇaṃ (कारणं) + ca (च) + eva (एव) + kartāraṃ (कर्तारं) + karaṇaṃ (करणं) + kriyām (क्रियाम्) + utpādaṃ (उत्पादं) + ca (च) + nirodhaṃ (निरोधं) + ca (च) + phalaṃ (फलं) + ca (च) + prati-bādhase (प्रति-बाधसे)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| kāryaṃ (कार्यं) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | an effect |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and |
| kāraṇaṃ (कारणं) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | a cause |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and |
| eva (एव) | indeclinable | only, just |
| kartāraṃ (कर्तारं) | accusative singular, masculine | an agent |
| karaṇaṃ (करणं) | accusative singular, masculine, or nominative or accusative singular, neuter | karaṇa (करण) |
| kriyām (क्रियाम्) | genitive plural, or accusative singular, feminine | an act |
| utpādaṃ (उत्पादं) | accusative singular, masculine | arising |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and |
| nirodhaṃ (निरोधं) | accusative singular, masculine | stilling |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and |
| phalaṃ (फलं) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | the fruit |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and |
| prati-bādhase (प्रति-बाधसे) | locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter | a compound: toward, against, and bādhasa (बाधस). Read it from the end |
The phrases
kāryaṃ (कार्यं) is an effect. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. ca (च) is and. It stands as indeclinable. kāraṇaṃ (कारणं) is a cause. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. ca (च) is and. It stands as indeclinable. eva (एव) is only, just. It stands as indeclinable. The line joins them as caiva. kartāraṃ (कर्तारं) is an agent. It stands as accusative singular, masculine. karaṇaṃ (करणं) is karaṇa (करण). It stands as accusative singular, masculine, or nominative or accusative singular, neuter. kriyām (क्रियाम्) is an act. It stands as genitive plural, or accusative singular, feminine.
utpādaṃ (उत्पादं) is arising. It stands as accusative singular, masculine. ca (च) is and. It stands as indeclinable. nirodhaṃ (निरोधं) is stilling. It stands as accusative singular, masculine. ca (च) is and. It stands as indeclinable. phalaṃ (फलं) is the fruit. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. ca (च) is and. It stands as indeclinable. prati-bādhase (प्रति-बाधसे) is a compound: toward, against, and bādhasa (बाधस). Read it from the end. It stands as locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter.
Sanskrit in this line
prati-bādhase (प्रति-बाधसे) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case. The line joins them as caiva.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss kāryaṃ (कार्यं) and kāraṇaṃ (कारणं).