24.25
Mūlamadhyamakakārikā / 24. Āryasatya (आर्यसत्य) / 24.25
यदा दुःखं समुदयो निरोधश् च न विद्यते मार्गो दुःखनिरोधत्वात् कतमः प्रापयिष्यति
yadā duḥkhaṃ samudayo nirodhaś ca na vidyate mārgo duḥkhanirodhatvāt katamaḥ prāpayiṣyati
The line
When, pain, samudaya (समुदय), stilling and, not is found, a path, because of a compound: pain, stilling, and the state of being that, katama (कतम), in prāpayiṣyata (प्रापयिष्यत).
Where it sits
In Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (मूलमध्यमककारिका), chapter 24. Āryasatya (आर्यसत्य). The noble truths. Verse 18 says what śūnyatā (शून्यता) is. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: yadā (यदा) + duḥkhaṃ (दुःखं) + samudayo (समुदयो) + nirodhaḥ (निरोधः) + ca (च) + na (न) + vidyate (विद्यते) + mārgaḥ (मार्गः) + duḥkha-nirodha-tvāt (दुःख-निरोध-त्वात्) + katamaḥ (कतमः) + prāpayiṣyati (प्रापयिष्यति)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| yadā (यदा) | indeclinable | when |
| duḥkhaṃ (दुःखं) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | pain |
| samudayo (समुदयो) | nominative singular, masculine | samudaya (समुदय) |
| nirodhaḥ (निरोधः) | nominative singular, masculine | stilling |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and |
| na (न) | indeclinable | not |
| vidyate (विद्यते) | present, third person singular | is found |
| mārgaḥ (मार्गः) | nominative singular, masculine | a path |
| duḥkha-nirodha-tvāt (दुःख-निरोध-त्वात्) | ablative singular | a compound: pain, stilling, and the state of being that. Read it from the end |
| katamaḥ (कतमः) | nominative singular, masculine | katama (कतम) |
| prāpayiṣyati (प्रापयिष्यति) | locative singular, or nominative singular | prāpayiṣyata (प्रापयिष्यत) |
The phrases
yadā (यदा) is when. It stands as indeclinable. duḥkhaṃ (दुःखं) is pain. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. samudayo (समुदयो) is samudaya (समुदय). It stands as nominative singular, masculine. nirodhaḥ (निरोधः) is stilling. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. The line writes it nirodhaś (निरोधश्). ca (च) is and. It stands as indeclinable. na (न) is not. It stands as indeclinable.
vidyate (विद्यते) is is found. It stands as present, third person singular. mārgaḥ (मार्गः) is a path. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. The line writes it mārgo (मार्गो). duḥkha-nirodha-tvāt (दुःख-निरोध-त्वात्) is a compound: pain, stilling, and the state of being that. Read it from the end. It stands as ablative singular. katamaḥ (कतमः) is katama (कतम). It stands as nominative singular, masculine. prāpayiṣyati (प्रापयिष्यति) is prāpayiṣyata (प्रापयिष्यत). It stands as locative singular, or nominative singular.
Sanskrit in this line
duḥkha-nirodha-tvāt (दुःख-निरोध-त्वात्) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case. The line writes it nirodhaś (निरोधश्). The line writes it mārgo (मार्गो).
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss yadā (यदा) and duḥkhaṃ (दुःखं).