24.30
Mūlamadhyamakakārikā / 24. Āryasatya (आर्यसत्य) / 24.30
अभावाच् चार्यसत्यानां सद्धर्मोऽपि न विद्यते धर्मे चासति संघे च कथं बुद्धो भविष्यति
abhāvāc cāryasatyānāṃ saddharmo 'pi na vidyate dharme cāsati saṃghe ca kathaṃ buddho bhaviṣyati
The line
Because of because of absence, of a compound: and, and a noble truth, a compound: what is, and dharma, a property even, not is found, in dharma, a property and, in when it is, it being so, in saṃgha (संघ) and, how, one who has woken, will be.
Where it sits
In Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (मूलमध्यमककारिका), chapter 24. Āryasatya (आर्यसत्य). The noble truths. Verse 18 says what śūnyatā (शून्यता) is. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: abhāvāt (अभावात्) + ca-āryasatyānāṃ (च-आर्यसत्यानां) + sad-dharmo (सद्-धर्मो) + api (अपि) + na (न) + vidyate (विद्यते) + dharme (धर्मे) + cā (चा) + sati (सति) + saṃghe (संघे) + ca (च) + kathaṃ (कथं) + buddhaḥ (बुद्धः) + bhaviṣyati (भविष्यति)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| abhāvāt (अभावात्) | ablative singular | because of absence |
| ca-āryasatyānāṃ (च-आर्यसत्यानां) | genitive plural | a compound: and, and a noble truth. Read it from the end |
| sad-dharmo (सद्-धर्मो) | nominative singular, masculine | a compound: what is, and dharma, a property. Read it from the end |
| api (अपि) | indeclinable | also, even |
| na (न) | indeclinable | not |
| vidyate (विद्यते) | present, third person singular | is found |
| dharme (धर्मे) | locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter | dharma, a property |
| cā (चा) | indeclinable | and. ca before a vowel |
| sati (सति) | locative singular, present participle | when it is, it being so |
| saṃghe (संघे) | locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter | saṃgha (संघ) |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and |
| kathaṃ (कथं) | indeclinable | how |
| buddhaḥ (बुद्धः) | nominative singular, masculine | one who has woken |
| bhaviṣyati (भविष्यति) | future, third person singular | will be |
The phrases
abhāvāt (अभावात्) is because of absence. It stands as ablative singular. The line writes it abhāvāc (अभावाच्). ca-āryasatyānāṃ (च-आर्यसत्यानां) is a compound: and, and a noble truth. Read it from the end. It stands as genitive plural. sad-dharmo (सद्-धर्मो) is a compound: what is, and dharma, a property. Read it from the end. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. api (अपि) is also, even. It stands as indeclinable. The apostrophe marks an a that was dropped. na (न) is not. It stands as indeclinable. vidyate (विद्यते) is is found. It stands as present, third person singular. dharme (धर्मे) is dharma, a property. It stands as locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter.
cā (चा) is and. ca before a vowel. It stands as indeclinable. sati (सति) is when it is, it being so. It stands as locative singular, present participle. The line joins them as cāsati (चासति). saṃghe (संघे) is saṃgha (संघ). It stands as locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter. ca (च) is and. It stands as indeclinable. kathaṃ (कथं) is how. It stands as indeclinable. buddhaḥ (बुद्धः) is one who has woken. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. The line writes it buddho. bhaviṣyati (भविष्यति) is will be. It stands as future, third person singular.
Sanskrit in this line
ca-āryasatyānāṃ (च-आर्यसत्यानां) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case. The line writes it abhāvāc (अभावाच्). The apostrophe marks an a that was dropped. The line joins them as cāsati (चासति). The line writes it buddho.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss abhāvāt (अभावात्) and ca-āryasatyānāṃ (च-आर्यसत्यानां).