24.40
Mūlamadhyamakakārikā / 24. Āryasatya (आर्यसत्य) / 24.40
यः प्रतीत्यसमुत्पादं पश्यतीदं स पश्यति दुःखं समुदयं चैव निरोधं मार्गमेव च
yaḥ pratītyasamutpādaṃ paśyatīdaṃ sa paśyati duḥkhaṃ samudayaṃ caiva nirodhaṃ mārgam eva ca
The line
Who, which, dependent arising, sees, this, he, that. saḥ (सः) before a consonant, sees, pain, samudaya (समुदय) and just, stilling, a path just and.
Where it sits
In Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (मूलमध्यमककारिका), chapter 24. Āryasatya (आर्यसत्य). The noble truths. Verse 18 says what śūnyatā (शून्यता) is. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: yaḥ (यः) + pratītyasamutpādaṃ (प्रतीत्यसमुत्पादं) + paśyati (पश्यति) + idaṃ (इदं) + sa (स) + paśyati (पश्यति) + duḥkhaṃ (दुःखं) + samudayaṃ (समुदयं) + ca (च) + eva (एव) + nirodhaṃ (निरोधं) + mārgam (मार्गम्) + eva (एव) + ca (च)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| yaḥ (यः) | nominative singular, masculine | who, which |
| pratītyasamutpādaṃ (प्रतीत्यसमुत्पादं) | accusative singular, masculine | dependent arising |
| paśyati (पश्यति) | present, third person singular | sees |
| idaṃ (इदं) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | this |
| sa (स) | nominative singular, masculine | he, that. saḥ (सः) before a consonant |
| paśyati (पश्यति) | present, third person singular | sees |
| duḥkhaṃ (दुःखं) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | pain |
| samudayaṃ (समुदयं) | accusative singular, masculine, or nominative or accusative singular, neuter | samudaya (समुदय) |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and |
| eva (एव) | indeclinable | only, just |
| nirodhaṃ (निरोधं) | accusative singular, masculine | stilling |
| mārgam (मार्गम्) | accusative singular, masculine | a path |
| eva (एव) | indeclinable | only, just |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and |
The phrases
yaḥ (यः) is who, which. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. pratītyasamutpādaṃ (प्रतीत्यसमुत्पादं) is dependent arising. It stands as accusative singular, masculine. paśyati (पश्यति) is sees. It stands as present, third person singular. idaṃ (इदं) is this. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. The line joins them as paśyatīdaṃ (पश्यतीदं). sa (स) is he, that. saḥ (सः) before a consonant. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. paśyati (पश्यति) is sees. It stands as present, third person singular. duḥkhaṃ (दुःखं) is pain. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter.
samudayaṃ (समुदयं) is samudaya (समुदय). It stands as accusative singular, masculine, or nominative or accusative singular, neuter. ca (च) is and. It stands as indeclinable. eva (एव) is only, just. It stands as indeclinable. The line joins them as caiva. nirodhaṃ (निरोधं) is stilling. It stands as accusative singular, masculine. mārgam (मार्गम्) is a path. It stands as accusative singular, masculine. eva (एव) is only, just. It stands as indeclinable. ca (च) is and. It stands as indeclinable.
Sanskrit in this line
pratītyasamutpādaṃ (प्रतीत्यसमुत्पादं) is accusative singular, masculine. That ending is the work an English preposition would do. The line joins them as paśyatīdaṃ (पश्यतीदं). The line joins them as caiva.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss yaḥ (यः) and pratītyasamutpādaṃ (प्रतीत्यसमुत्पादं).