25.21
Mūlamadhyamakakārikā / 25. Nirvāṇa (निर्वाण) / 25.21
परं निरोधादन्ताद्याः शाश्वताद्याश् च दृष्टयः निर्वाणमपरान्तं च पूर्वान्तं च समाश्रिताः
paraṃ nirodhād antādyāḥ śāśvatādyāś ca dṛṣṭayaḥ nirvāṇam aparāntaṃ ca pūrvāntaṃ ca samāśritāḥ
The line
The views that start from an end, and those that start from permanence, rest on nirvāṇa (निर्वाण), on a later edge, and on a prior edge, beyond cessation.
नेपालीमा
अन्तबाट चल्ने मत र नित्यताबाट चल्ने मत निर्वाणमा, पछिल्लो छेउमा र अघिल्लो छेउमा अड्छन्, निरोधभन्दा पर।
Where it sits
25.20 said there is no gap at the limit. 25.21 says the speculative views are views that need that limit. 25.22 asks, inside emptiness, the questions about finite and infinite.
Split: param (परम्) + nirodhāt (निरोधात्) + anta-ādyāḥ (अन्त-आद्याः) + śāśvata-ādyāḥ (शाश्वत-आद्याः) + ca (च) + dṛṣṭayaḥ (दृष्टयः) + nirvāṇam (निर्वाणम्) + aparāntam (अपरान्तम्) + ca (च) + pūrvāntam (पूर्वान्तम्) + ca (च) + samāśritāḥ (समाश्रिताः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| param (परम्) | indeclinable | after, beyond. The same param (परम्) as in 25.17. |
| nirodhāt (निरोधात्) | ablative singular, masculine | from cessation. param (परम्) with the ablative is 'after cessation.' |
| anta-ādyāḥ (अन्त-आद्याः) | nominative plural, feminine | those whose beginning is 'the end': views about a limit. ādi (आदि) includes the related views. |
| śāśvata-ādyāḥ (शाश्वत-आद्याः) | nominative plural, feminine | those whose beginning is permanence, and the related views. Written śāśvatādyāś (शाश्वताद्याश्) before ca (च). |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and. |
| dṛṣṭayaḥ (दृष्टयः) | nominative plural, feminine | views. |
| nirvāṇam (निर्वाणम्) | accusative singular, neuter | nirvāṇa (निर्वाण), as a thing leaned on. |
| aparāntam (अपरान्तम्) | accusative singular, masculine | the later edge, the far end of the round. |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and. |
| pūrvāntam (पूर्वान्तम्) | accusative singular, masculine | the prior edge, the beginning. |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and. |
| samāśritāḥ (समाश्रिताः) | nominative plural, feminine | leaning on, resting on. Agrees with dṛṣṭayaḥ (दृष्टयः). |
The phrases
The views need an edge to lean on. nirvāṇa (निर्वाण) taken as a far side of cessation, a beginning of the world, an end of the world: the dṛṣṭis (दृष्टि) rest on those. 25.19 and 25.20 pulled the edges out. The views are left leaning on what was not found.
samāśritāḥ (समाश्रिताः) is the participle, 'having taken refuge in, resting on.'
Sanskrit in this line
aparānta (अपरान्त) is the later end, pūrvānta (पूर्वान्त) the earlier end. The views are samāśritāḥ (समाश्रिताः) on both, and on nirvāṇa (निर्वाण).
Say it back
What do the views lean on?