1.2
Mūlamadhyamakakārikā / 1. Pratyaya (प्रत्यय) / 1.2
चत्वारः प्रत्यया हेतुरारम्बणमनन्तरम् तथैवाधिपतेयं च प्रत्ययो नास्ति पञ्चमः
catvāraḥ pratyayā hetur ārambaṇam anantaram tathaivādhipateyaṃ ca pratyayo nāsti pañcamaḥ
The line
The conditions are four: cause, object-support, the immediate, and the dominant. A fifth condition does not exist.
नेपालीमा
प्रत्यय चार छन्: कारण, आलम्बन, लगत्तैको र हावी हुने। पाँचौँ प्रत्यय हुँदैन।
Where it sits
Verse 1.1 refused four ways of arising. Verse 1.2 says what the opponent has available: exactly four conditions. Verse 1.3 says a thing's own nature is not found in those conditions.
Split: catvāraḥ (चत्वारः) + pratyayāḥ (प्रत्ययाः) + hetuḥ (हेतुः) + ārambaṇam (आरम्बणम्) + anantaram (अनन्तरम्) + tathā (तथा) + eva (एव) + ādhipateyam (आधिपतेयम्) + ca (च) + pratyayaḥ (प्रत्ययः) + na (न) + asti (अस्ति) + pañcamaḥ (पञ्चमः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| catvāraḥ (चत्वारः) | nominative plural, masculine | four. |
| pratyayāḥ (प्रत्ययाः) | nominative plural, masculine | conditions. A pratyaya (प्रत्यय) is what something arises in dependence on. |
| hetuḥ (हेतुः) | nominative singular, masculine | the cause, the producing condition. |
| ārambaṇam (आरम्बणम्) | nominative singular, neuter | the object-support, what a cognition rests on. Other copies spell this ālambana (आलम्बन). This text writes ārambaṇa (आरम्बण). |
| anantaram (अनन्तरम्) | nominative singular, neuter | the immediate, the condition that stands with nothing between it and the effect. |
| tathā (तथा) | indeclinable | likewise. |
| eva (एव) | indeclinable | just. |
| ādhipateyam (आधिपतेयम्) | nominative singular, neuter | the dominant condition, ādhipati (आधिपति), the one that rules the circumstance. |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and. |
| pratyayaḥ (प्रत्ययः) | nominative singular, masculine | a condition. |
| na (न) | indeclinable | not. |
| asti (अस्ति) | present, third person singular | there is. |
| pañcamaḥ (पञ्चमः) | nominative singular, masculine | a fifth. |
The phrases
The verse lists the four pratyayas (प्रत्यय) the Abhidharma uses, and closes the list. There is no fifth. The rest of the chapter will say that these four, so listed, do not do the work of producing a bhāva (भाव).
tathaiva (तथैव) joins the fourth to the first three. ca (च) adds it.
Sanskrit in this line
The file's ārambaṇa (आरम्बण) is the word others write ālambana (आलम्बन). Same job: the object a cognition takes. Learn the spelling this pāṭha (पाठ) uses, and know the other spelling when you meet it.
Say it back
Name the four. Say that the list stops.