1.1
Mūlamadhyamakakārikā / 1. Pratyaya (प्रत्यय) / 1.1
न स्वतो नापि परतो न द्वाभ्यां नाप्यहेतुतः उत्पन्ना जातु विद्यन्ते भावाः क्व चन के चन
na svato nāpi parato na dvābhyāṃ nāpy ahetutaḥ utpannā jātu vidyante bhāvāḥ kva cana ke cana
The line
Beings that have arisen are not found, ever, anywhere, any of them: not from themselves, not from another, not from both, and not without a cause.
नेपालीमा
उत्पन्न भएका चीजहरूमध्ये कुनै पनि कहिल्यै कतै पाइँदैन: आफैँबाट होइन, अर्काबाट होइन, दुवैबाट होइन, कारणबिना पनि होइन।
Where it sits
The homage described dependent arising by eight negations. This verse is the first examination, of arising itself. Verse 1.2 names the four conditions the opponent will offer.
Split: na (न) + svatas (स्वत) + na (न) + api (अपि) + paratas (परत) + na (न) + dvābhyām (द्वाभ्याम्) + na (न) + api (अपि) + ahetutas (अहेतुत) + utpannāḥ (उत्पन्नाः) + jātu (जातु) + vidyante (विद्यन्ते) + bhāvāḥ (भावाः) + kva (क्व) + cana (चन) + ke (के) + cana (चन)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| na (न) | indeclinable | not. |
| svatas (स्वत) | indeclinable | from itself. -tas (-तस्) is 'from.' |
| na (न) | indeclinable | not. |
| api (अपि) | indeclinable | also. Joined nāpi (नापि). |
| paratas (परत) | indeclinable | from another. |
| na (न) | indeclinable | not. |
| dvābhyām (द्वाभ्याम्) | ablative dual | from both. The two already named, self and other. |
| na (न) | indeclinable | not. |
| api (अपि) | indeclinable | also. |
| ahetutas (अहेतुत) | indeclinable | from no hetu (हेतु), from the absence of a cause. |
| utpannāḥ (उत्पन्नाः) | nominative plural, masculine | arisen. |
| jātu (जातु) | indeclinable | at any time, ever. |
| vidyante (विद्यन्ते) | present, third person plural, middle | they are found. |
| bhāvāḥ (भावाः) | nominative plural, masculine | existing things, bhāvas (भाव). |
| kva (क्व) | indeclinable | where. |
| cana (चन) | indeclinable | the indefinite. With kva (क्व), anywhere. |
| ke (के) | nominative plural, masculine | which ones. The plural of kim (किम्). |
| cana (चन) | indeclinable | the indefinite. With ke (के), any at all. |
The phrases
Four froms, all refused. A bhāva (भाव) is not found arisen from itself, from another, from both, or from no cause. kva cana (क्व चन) and ke cana (के चन) close every place and every item.
This is the method of the book in one verse. The later chapters apply it. They do not add a fifth option.
Sanskrit in this line
Four indeclinables in -tas (-तस्) are four 'from's. na (न) in front of each is the refusal. vidyante (विद्यन्ते) is 'are found,' and with the negations the finding fails.
Say it back
Say the four ways of arising that are refused.