2.9
Mūlamadhyamakakārikā / 2. Gatāgata (गतागत) / 2.9
गन्ता तावद् गच्छतीति कथमेवोपपत्स्यते गमनेन विना गन्ता यदा नैवोपपद्यते
gantā tāvad gacchatīti katham evopapatsyate gamanena vinā gantā yadā naivopapadyate
The line
A goer, so far. tāvat (तावत्) before a voiced sound, goes thus, how, in evopapatsyata (एवोपपत्स्यत), by means of going, without, a goer, when, not just, fits.
Where it sits
In Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (मूलमध्यमककारिका), chapter 2. Gatāgata (गतागत). What has gone and what has not gone. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: gantā (गन्ता) + tāvad (तावद्) + gacchati (गच्छति) + iti (इति) + katham (कथम्) + evopapatsyate (एवोपपत्स्यते) + gamanena (गमनेन) + vinā (विना) + gantā (गन्ता) + yadā (यदा) + na (न) + eva (एव) + upapadyate (उपपद्यते)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| gantā (गन्ता) | nominative singular, masculine | a goer |
| tāvad (तावद्) | indeclinable | so far. tāvat (तावत्) before a voiced sound |
| gacchati (गच्छति) | present, third person singular | goes |
| iti (इति) | indeclinable | thus. It closes a quote or a thought |
| katham (कथम्) | indeclinable | how |
| evopapatsyate (एवोपपत्स्यते) | locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter | evopapatsyata (एवोपपत्स्यत) |
| gamanena (गमनेन) | instrumental singular | going |
| vinā (विना) | indeclinable | without |
| gantā (गन्ता) | nominative singular, masculine | a goer |
| yadā (यदा) | indeclinable | when |
| na (न) | indeclinable | not |
| eva (एव) | indeclinable | only, just |
| upapadyate (उपपद्यते) | present, third person singular | fits |
The phrases
gantā (गन्ता) is a goer. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. tāvad (तावद्) is so far. tāvat (तावत्) before a voiced sound. It stands as indeclinable. gacchati (गच्छति) is goes. It stands as present, third person singular. iti (इति) is thus. It closes a quote or a thought. It stands as indeclinable. The line joins them as gacchatīti (गच्छतीति). katham (कथम्) is how. It stands as indeclinable. evopapatsyate (एवोपपत्स्यते) is evopapatsyata (एवोपपत्स्यत). It stands as locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter. gamanena (गमनेन) is going. It stands as instrumental singular.
vinā (विना) is without. It stands as indeclinable. gantā (गन्ता) is a goer. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. yadā (यदा) is when. It stands as indeclinable. na (न) is not. It stands as indeclinable. eva (एव) is only, just. It stands as indeclinable. upapadyate (उपपद्यते) is fits. It stands as present, third person singular. The line joins them as evopapadyate.
Sanskrit in this line
evopapatsyate (एवोपपत्स्यते) is locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter. That ending is the work an English preposition would do. The line joins them as gacchatīti (गच्छतीति). The line joins them as evopapadyate.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss gantā (गन्ता) and tāvad (तावद्).