2.8
Mūlamadhyamakakārikā / 2. Gatāgata (गतागत) / 2.8
गन्ता न गच्छति तावदगन्ता नैव गच्छति अन्यो गन्तुरगन्तुश् च कस् तृतीयोऽथ गच्छति
gantā na gacchati tāvad agantā naiva gacchati anyo gantur agantuś ca kas tṛtīyo 'tha gacchati
The line
A goer, not goes, so far. tāvat (तावत्) before a voiced sound, aganta (अगन्त), not just, goes, another, of a goer, of not a goer and, who, a third, now, and then, goes.
Where it sits
In Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (मूलमध्यमककारिका), chapter 2. Gatāgata (गतागत). What has gone and what has not gone. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: gantā (गन्ता) + na (न) + gacchati (गच्छति) + tāvad (तावद्) + agantā (अगन्ता) + na (न) + eva (एव) + gacchati (गच्छति) + anyaḥ (अन्यः) + gantuḥ (गन्तुः) + a-gantuḥ (अ-गन्तुः) + ca (च) + kaḥ (कः) + tṛtīyo (तृतीयो) + atha (अथ) + gacchati (गच्छति)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| gantā (गन्ता) | nominative singular, masculine | a goer |
| na (न) | indeclinable | not |
| gacchati (गच्छति) | present, third person singular | goes |
| tāvad (तावद्) | indeclinable | so far. tāvat (तावत्) before a voiced sound |
| agantā (अगन्ता) | nominative singular, feminine, or instrumental singular | aganta (अगन्त) |
| na (न) | indeclinable | not |
| eva (एव) | indeclinable | only, just |
| gacchati (गच्छति) | present, third person singular | goes |
| anyaḥ (अन्यः) | nominative singular, masculine | another |
| gantuḥ (गन्तुः) | genitive or ablative singular, masculine | a goer |
| a-gantuḥ (अ-गन्तुः) | genitive or ablative singular, masculine | not a goer |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and |
| kaḥ (कः) | nominative singular, masculine | who |
| tṛtīyo (तृतीयो) | nominative singular, masculine | a third |
| atha (अथ) | indeclinable | now, and then |
| gacchati (गच्छति) | present, third person singular | goes |
The phrases
gantā (गन्ता) is a goer. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. na (न) is not. It stands as indeclinable. gacchati (गच्छति) is goes. It stands as present, third person singular. tāvad (तावद्) is so far. tāvat (तावत्) before a voiced sound. It stands as indeclinable. agantā (अगन्ता) is aganta (अगन्त). It stands as nominative singular, feminine, or instrumental singular. na (न) is not. It stands as indeclinable. eva (एव) is only, just. It stands as indeclinable. The line joins them as naiva. gacchati (गच्छति) is goes. It stands as present, third person singular.
anyaḥ (अन्यः) is another. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. The line writes it anyo. gantuḥ (गन्तुः) is a goer. It stands as genitive or ablative singular, masculine. The line writes it gantur. a-gantuḥ (अ-गन्तुः) is not a goer. It stands as genitive or ablative singular, masculine. The line writes it gantuś (गन्तुश्). ca (च) is and. It stands as indeclinable. kaḥ (कः) is who. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. The line writes it kas. tṛtīyo (तृतीयो) is a third. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. atha (अथ) is now, and then. It stands as indeclinable. The apostrophe marks an a that was dropped. gacchati (गच्छति) is goes. It stands as present, third person singular.
Sanskrit in this line
The apostrophe is an avagraha. It marks an a that sandhi dropped. The sitting puts that a back. The line joins them as naiva. The line writes it anyo. The line writes it gantur. The line writes it gantuś (गन्तुश्). The line writes it kas. The apostrophe marks an a that was dropped.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss gantā (गन्ता) and gacchati (गच्छति).