8.5
Mūlamadhyamakakārikā / 8. Karmakāraka (कर्मकारक) / 8.5
धर्माधर्मौ न विद्येते क्रियादीनामसंभवे धर्मे चासत्यधर्मे च फलं तज्जं न विद्यते
dharmādharmau na vidyete kriyādīnām asaṃbhave dharme cāsaty adharme ca phalaṃ tajjaṃ na vidyate
The line
A compound: dharma, a property, and the medium of rest, not in vidyeta (विद्येत), of a compound: an act, and dīna (दीन), for asaṃbha (असंभ), in dharma, a property, cāsaty (चासत्य्), in the medium of rest and, the fruit, tajja (तज्ज), not is found.
Where it sits
In Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (मूलमध्यमककारिका), chapter 8. Karmakāraka (कर्मकारक). The act and the agent. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: dharma-adharmau (धर्म-अधर्मौ) + na (न) + vidyete (विद्येते) + kriyā-dīnām (क्रिया-दीनाम्) + asaṃbhave (असंभवे) + dharme (धर्मे) + cāsaty (चासत्य्) + adharme (अधर्मे) + ca (च) + phalaṃ (फलं) + tajjaṃ (तज्जं) + na (न) + vidyate (विद्यते)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| dharma-adharmau (धर्म-अधर्मौ) | nominative or accusative dual, masculine | a compound: dharma, a property, and the medium of rest. Read it from the end |
| na (न) | indeclinable | not |
| vidyete (विद्येते) | locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter | vidyeta (विद्येत) |
| kriyā-dīnām (क्रिया-दीनाम्) | genitive plural, or accusative singular, feminine | a compound: an act, and dīna (दीन). Read it from the end |
| asaṃbhave (असंभवे) | dative singular | asaṃbha (असंभ) |
| dharme (धर्मे) | locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter | dharma, a property |
| cāsaty (चासत्य्) | the form as the line writes it | this word, as the line writes it |
| adharme (अधर्मे) | locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter | the medium of rest |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and |
| phalaṃ (फलं) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | the fruit |
| tajjaṃ (तज्जं) | accusative singular, masculine, or nominative or accusative singular, neuter | tajja (तज्ज) |
| na (न) | indeclinable | not |
| vidyate (विद्यते) | present, third person singular | is found |
The phrases
dharma-adharmau (धर्म-अधर्मौ) is a compound: dharma, a property, and the medium of rest. Read it from the end. It stands as nominative or accusative dual, masculine. na (न) is not. It stands as indeclinable. vidyete (विद्येते) is vidyeta (विद्येत). It stands as locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter. kriyā-dīnām (क्रिया-दीनाम्) is a compound: an act, and dīna (दीन). Read it from the end. It stands as genitive plural, or accusative singular, feminine. asaṃbhave (असंभवे) is asaṃbha (असंभ). It stands as dative singular. dharme (धर्मे) is dharma, a property. It stands as locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter. cāsaty (चासत्य्) is this word, as the line writes it. It stands as the form as the line writes it.
adharme (अधर्मे) is the medium of rest. It stands as locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter. ca (च) is and. It stands as indeclinable. phalaṃ (फलं) is the fruit. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. tajjaṃ (तज्जं) is tajja (तज्ज). It stands as accusative singular, masculine, or nominative or accusative singular, neuter. na (न) is not. It stands as indeclinable. vidyate (विद्यते) is is found. It stands as present, third person singular.
Sanskrit in this line
dharma-adharmau (धर्म-अधर्मौ) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss dharma-adharmau (धर्म-अधर्मौ) and vidyete (विद्येते).