8.4
Mūlamadhyamakakārikā / 8. Karmakāraka (कर्मकारक) / 8.4
हेतावसति कार्यं च कारणं च न विद्यते तदभावे क्रिया कर्ता कारणं च न विद्यते
hetāv asati kāryaṃ ca kāraṇaṃ ca na vidyate tadabhāve kriyā kartā kāraṇaṃ ca na vidyate
The line
hetāv (हेताव्), in what is not, an effect and, a cause and, not is found, in the absence of that, an action, an agent, a cause and, not is found.
Where it sits
In Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (मूलमध्यमककारिका), chapter 8. Karmakāraka (कर्मकारक). The act and the agent. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: hetāv (हेताव्) + asati (असति) + kāryaṃ (कार्यं) + ca (च) + kāraṇaṃ (कारणं) + ca (च) + na (न) + vidyate (विद्यते) + tadabhāve (तदभावे) + kriyā (क्रिया) + kartā (कर्ता) + kāraṇaṃ (कारणं) + ca (च) + na (न) + vidyate (विद्यते)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| hetāv (हेताव्) | the form as the line writes it | this word, as the line writes it |
| asati (असति) | locative singular, or nominative singular | what is not |
| kāryaṃ (कार्यं) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | an effect |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and |
| kāraṇaṃ (कारणं) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | a cause |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and |
| na (न) | indeclinable | not |
| vidyate (विद्यते) | present, third person singular | is found |
| tadabhāve (तदभावे) | locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter | the absence of that |
| kriyā (क्रिया) | nominative singular, feminine | an action |
| kartā (कर्ता) | nominative singular, masculine | an agent |
| kāraṇaṃ (कारणं) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | a cause |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and |
| na (न) | indeclinable | not |
| vidyate (विद्यते) | present, third person singular | is found |
The phrases
hetāv (हेताव्) is this word, as the line writes it. It stands as the form as the line writes it. asati (असति) is what is not. It stands as locative singular, or nominative singular. kāryaṃ (कार्यं) is an effect. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. ca (च) is and. It stands as indeclinable. kāraṇaṃ (कारणं) is a cause. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. ca (च) is and. It stands as indeclinable. na (न) is not. It stands as indeclinable. vidyate (विद्यते) is is found. It stands as present, third person singular.
tadabhāve (तदभावे) is the absence of that. It stands as locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter. kriyā (क्रिया) is an action. It stands as nominative singular, feminine. kartā (कर्ता) is an agent. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. kāraṇaṃ (कारणं) is a cause. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. ca (च) is and. It stands as indeclinable. na (न) is not. It stands as indeclinable. vidyate (विद्यते) is is found. It stands as present, third person singular.
Sanskrit in this line
tadabhāve (तदभावे) is locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter. That ending is the work an English preposition would do.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss hetāv (हेताव्) and asati (असति).