12.6
Mūlamadhyamakakārikā / 12. Duḥkha (दुःख) / 12.6
परपुद्गलजं दुःखं यदि कः परपुद्गलः विना दुःखेन यः कृत्वा परस्मै प्रहिणोति तत्
parapudgalajaṃ duḥkhaṃ yadi kaḥ parapudgalaḥ vinā duḥkhena yaḥ kṛtvā parasmai prahiṇoti tat
The line
A compound: another, the higher, pudga (पुद्ग), and laja (लज), pain, if, who, a compound: another, the higher, and matter, without, by means of pain, who, which, kṛtva (कृत्व), in a compound: another, the higher, and indeed, in prahiṇota (प्रहिणोत), that.
Where it sits
In Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (मूलमध्यमककारिका), chapter 12. Duḥkha (दुःख). Pain. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: para-pudga-lajaṃ (पर-पुद्ग-लजं) + duḥkhaṃ (दुःखं) + yadi (यदि) + kaḥ (कः) + para-pudgalaḥ (पर-पुद्गलः) + vinā (विना) + duḥkhena (दुःखेन) + yaḥ (यः) + kṛtvā (कृत्वा) + para-smi (पर-स्मि) + prahiṇoti (प्रहिणोति) + tat (तत्)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| para-pudga-lajaṃ (पर-पुद्ग-लजं) | accusative singular, masculine | a compound: another, the higher, pudga (पुद्ग), and laja (लज). Read it from the end |
| duḥkhaṃ (दुःखं) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | pain |
| yadi (यदि) | indeclinable | if |
| kaḥ (कः) | nominative singular, masculine | who |
| para-pudgalaḥ (पर-पुद्गलः) | nominative singular, masculine | a compound: another, the higher, and matter. Read it from the end |
| vinā (विना) | indeclinable | without |
| duḥkhena (दुःखेन) | instrumental singular | pain |
| yaḥ (यः) | nominative singular, masculine | who, which |
| kṛtvā (कृत्वा) | nominative singular, feminine, or instrumental singular | kṛtva (कृत्व) |
| para-smi (पर-स्मि) | locative singular, or nominative singular | a compound: another, the higher, and indeed. Read it from the end |
| prahiṇoti (प्रहिणोति) | locative singular, or nominative singular | prahiṇota (प्रहिणोत) |
| tat (तत्) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | that |
The phrases
para-pudga-lajaṃ (पर-पुद्ग-लजं) is a compound: another, the higher, pudga (पुद्ग), and laja (लज). Read it from the end. It stands as accusative singular, masculine. duḥkhaṃ (दुःखं) is pain. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. yadi (यदि) is if. It stands as indeclinable. kaḥ (कः) is who. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. para-pudgalaḥ (पर-पुद्गलः) is a compound: another, the higher, and matter. Read it from the end. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. vinā (विना) is without. It stands as indeclinable.
duḥkhena (दुःखेन) is pain. It stands as instrumental singular. yaḥ (यः) is who, which. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. kṛtvā (कृत्वा) is kṛtva (कृत्व). It stands as nominative singular, feminine, or instrumental singular. para-smi (पर-स्मि) is a compound: another, the higher, and indeed. Read it from the end. It stands as locative singular, or nominative singular. prahiṇoti (प्रहिणोति) is prahiṇota (प्रहिणोत). It stands as locative singular, or nominative singular. tat (तत्) is that. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter.
Sanskrit in this line
para-pudga-lajaṃ (पर-पुद्ग-लजं) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss para-pudga-lajaṃ (पर-पुद्ग-लजं) and duḥkhaṃ (दुःखं).