12.9
Mūlamadhyamakakārikā / 12. Duḥkha (दुःख) / 12.9
स्यादुभाभ्यां कृतं दुःखं स्यादेकैककृतं यदि पराकारास्वयंकारं दुःखमहेतुकं कुतः
syād ubhābhyāṃ kṛtaṃ duḥkhaṃ syād ekaikakṛtaṃ yadi parākārāsvayaṃkāraṃ duḥkham ahetukaṃ kutaḥ
The line
It would be. syāt (स्यात्) before a voiced sound, by means of ubha (उभ), done, pain, it would be. syāt (स्यात्) before a voiced sound, a compound: one, one, and made, done, if, parākārāsvayaṃkāra (पराकारास्वयंकार), pain, ahetuka (अहेतुक), from where, how.
Where it sits
In Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (मूलमध्यमककारिका), chapter 12. Duḥkha (दुःख). Pain. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: syād (स्याद्) + ubhābhyāṃ (उभाभ्यां) + kṛtaṃ (कृतं) + duḥkhaṃ (दुःखं) + syād (स्याद्) + eka-eka-kṛtaṃ (एक-एक-कृतं) + yadi (यदि) + parākārāsvayaṃkāraṃ (पराकारास्वयंकारं) + duḥkham (दुःखम्) + ahetukaṃ (अहेतुकं) + kutaḥ (कुतः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| syād (स्याद्) | optative, third person singular | it would be. syāt (स्यात्) before a voiced sound |
| ubhābhyāṃ (उभाभ्यां) | instrumental, dative, or ablative dual | ubha (उभ) |
| kṛtaṃ (कृतं) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | done |
| duḥkhaṃ (दुःखं) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | pain |
| syād (स्याद्) | optative, third person singular | it would be. syāt (स्यात्) before a voiced sound |
| eka-eka-kṛtaṃ (एक-एक-कृतं) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | a compound: one, one, and made, done. Read it from the end |
| yadi (यदि) | indeclinable | if |
| parākārāsvayaṃkāraṃ (पराकारास्वयंकारं) | accusative singular, masculine, or nominative or accusative singular, neuter | parākārāsvayaṃkāra (पराकारास्वयंकार) |
| duḥkham (दुःखम्) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | pain |
| ahetukaṃ (अहेतुकं) | accusative singular, masculine, or nominative or accusative singular, neuter | ahetuka (अहेतुक) |
| kutaḥ (कुतः) | indeclinable | from where, how |
The phrases
syād (स्याद्) is it would be. syāt (स्यात्) before a voiced sound. It stands as optative, third person singular. ubhābhyāṃ (उभाभ्यां) is ubha (उभ). It stands as instrumental, dative, or ablative dual. kṛtaṃ (कृतं) is done. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. duḥkhaṃ (दुःखं) is pain. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. syād (स्याद्) is it would be. syāt (स्यात्) before a voiced sound. It stands as optative, third person singular. eka-eka-kṛtaṃ (एक-एक-कृतं) is a compound: one, one, and made, done. Read it from the end. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter.
yadi (यदि) is if. It stands as indeclinable. parākārāsvayaṃkāraṃ (पराकारास्वयंकारं) is parākārāsvayaṃkāra (पराकारास्वयंकार). It stands as accusative singular, masculine, or nominative or accusative singular, neuter. duḥkham (दुःखम्) is pain. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. ahetukaṃ (अहेतुकं) is ahetuka (अहेतुक). It stands as accusative singular, masculine, or nominative or accusative singular, neuter. kutaḥ (कुतः) is from where, how. It stands as indeclinable.
Sanskrit in this line
parākārāsvayaṃkāraṃ (पराकारास्वयंकारं) is accusative singular, masculine, or nominative or accusative singular, neuter. That ending is the work an English preposition would do.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss syād (स्याद्) and ubhābhyāṃ (उभाभ्यां).