19.6
Mūlamadhyamakakārikā / 19. Kāla (काल) / 19.6
भावं प्रतीत्य कालश् चेत् कालो भावादृते कुतः न च कश् चन भावोऽस्ति कुतः कालो भविष्यति
bhāvaṃ pratītya kālaś cet kālo bhāvād ṛte kutaḥ na ca kaś cana bhāvo 'sti kutaḥ kālo bhaviṣyati
The line
If you say that a state, having depended on, time, then time, because of a state, without, from where, how, not and, who, at all, with a question word, a being, a state. bhāvaḥ (भावः) before a voiced sound, is, from where, how, time, will be.
Where it sits
In Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (मूलमध्यमककारिका), chapter 19. Kāla (काल). Time. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: bhāvaṃ (भावं) + pratītya (प्रतीत्य) + kālaḥ (कालः) + cet (चेत्) + kālaḥ (कालः) + bhāvāt (भावात्) + ṛte (ऋते) + kutaḥ (कुतः) + na (न) + ca (च) + kaḥ (कः) + cana (चन) + bhāvo (भावो) + asti (अस्ति) + kutaḥ (कुतः) + kālaḥ (कालः) + bhaviṣyati (भविष्यति)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| bhāvaṃ (भावं) | accusative singular, masculine | a state |
| pratītya (प्रतीत्य) | gerund | having depended on |
| kālaḥ (कालः) | nominative singular, masculine | time |
| cet (चेत्) | indeclinable | if you say, if |
| kālaḥ (कालः) | nominative singular, masculine | time |
| bhāvāt (भावात्) | ablative singular | a state |
| ṛte (ऋते) | indeclinable | without |
| kutaḥ (कुतः) | indeclinable | from where, how |
| na (न) | indeclinable | not |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and |
| kaḥ (कः) | nominative singular, masculine | who |
| cana (चन) | indeclinable | at all, with a question word |
| bhāvo (भावो) | nominative singular, masculine | a being, a state. bhāvaḥ (भावः) before a voiced sound |
| asti (अस्ति) | present, third person singular | is |
| kutaḥ (कुतः) | indeclinable | from where, how |
| kālaḥ (कालः) | nominative singular, masculine | time |
| bhaviṣyati (भविष्यति) | future, third person singular | will be |
The phrases
bhāvaṃ (भावं) is a state. It stands as accusative singular, masculine. pratītya (प्रतीत्य) is having depended on. It stands as gerund. kālaḥ (कालः) is time. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. The line writes it kālaś (कालश्). cet (चेत्) is if you say, if. It stands as indeclinable. kālaḥ (कालः) is time. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. The line writes it kālo (कालो). bhāvāt (भावात्) is a state. It stands as ablative singular. The line writes it bhāvād (भावाद्). ṛte (ऋते) is without. It stands as indeclinable. kutaḥ (कुतः) is from where, how. It stands as indeclinable. na (न) is not. It stands as indeclinable.
ca (च) is and. It stands as indeclinable. kaḥ (कः) is who. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. The line writes it kaś (कश्). cana (चन) is at all, with a question word. It stands as indeclinable. bhāvo (भावो) is a being, a state. bhāvaḥ (भावः) before a voiced sound. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. asti (अस्ति) is is. It stands as present, third person singular. The apostrophe marks an a that was dropped. kutaḥ (कुतः) is from where, how. It stands as indeclinable. kālaḥ (कालः) is time. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. The line writes it kālo (कालो). bhaviṣyati (भविष्यति) is will be. It stands as future, third person singular.
Sanskrit in this line
The apostrophe is an avagraha. It marks an a that sandhi dropped. The sitting puts that a back. The line writes it kālaś (कालश्). The line writes it kālo (कालो). The line writes it bhāvād (भावाद्). The line writes it kaś (कश्). The apostrophe marks an a that was dropped. The line writes it kālo (कालो).
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss bhāvaṃ (भावं) and pratītya (प्रतीत्य).