20.6
Mūlamadhyamakakārikā / 20. Sāmagrī (सामग्री) / 20.6
हेतुं फलस्यादत्त्वा च यदि हेतुर् निरुध्यते हेतौ निरुद्धे जातं तत् फलमाहेतुकं भवेत्
hetuṃ phalasyādattvā ca yadi hetur nirudhyate hetau niruddhe jātaṃ tat phalam āhetukaṃ bhavet
The line
A reason, a compound: a fruit, syāda (स्याद), and ttva (त्त्व) and, if, a reason, is stopped, a reason, in niruddha (निरुद्ध), a futile rejoinder, that, the fruit, āhetuka (आहेतुक), would be.
Where it sits
In Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (मूलमध्यमककारिका), chapter 20. Sāmagrī (सामग्री). The collection of causes. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: hetuṃ (हेतुं) + phala-syāda-ttvā (फल-स्याद-त्त्वा) + ca (च) + yadi (यदि) + hetuḥ (हेतुः) + nirudhyate (निरुध्यते) + hetau (हेतौ) + niruddhe (निरुद्धे) + jātaṃ (जातं) + tat (तत्) + phalam (फलम्) + āhetukaṃ (आहेतुकं) + bhavet (भवेत्)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| hetuṃ (हेतुं) | accusative singular | a reason |
| phala-syāda-ttvā (फल-स्याद-त्त्वा) | nominative singular, feminine, or instrumental singular | a compound: a fruit, syāda (स्याद), and ttva (त्त्व). Read it from the end |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and |
| yadi (यदि) | indeclinable | if |
| hetuḥ (हेतुः) | nominative singular, masculine | a reason |
| nirudhyate (निरुध्यते) | present, third person singular | is stopped |
| hetau (हेतौ) | nominative or accusative dual, or locative singular | a reason |
| niruddhe (निरुद्धे) | locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter | niruddha (निरुद्ध) |
| jātaṃ (जातं) | accusative singular, feminine, or nominative or accusative singular, neuter | a futile rejoinder |
| tat (तत्) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | that |
| phalam (फलम्) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | the fruit |
| āhetukaṃ (आहेतुकं) | accusative singular, masculine, or nominative or accusative singular, neuter | āhetuka (आहेतुक) |
| bhavet (भवेत्) | optative, third person singular | would be |
The phrases
hetuṃ (हेतुं) is a reason. It stands as accusative singular. phala-syāda-ttvā (फल-स्याद-त्त्वा) is a compound: a fruit, syāda (स्याद), and ttva (त्त्व). Read it from the end. It stands as nominative singular, feminine, or instrumental singular. ca (च) is and. It stands as indeclinable. yadi (यदि) is if. It stands as indeclinable. hetuḥ (हेतुः) is a reason. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. The line writes it hetur. nirudhyate (निरुध्यते) is is stopped. It stands as present, third person singular. hetau (हेतौ) is a reason. It stands as nominative or accusative dual, or locative singular.
niruddhe (निरुद्धे) is niruddha (निरुद्ध). It stands as locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter. jātaṃ (जातं) is a futile rejoinder. It stands as accusative singular, feminine, or nominative or accusative singular, neuter. tat (तत्) is that. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. phalam (फलम्) is the fruit. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. āhetukaṃ (आहेतुकं) is āhetuka (आहेतुक). It stands as accusative singular, masculine, or nominative or accusative singular, neuter. bhavet (भवेत्) is would be. It stands as optative, third person singular.
Sanskrit in this line
phala-syāda-ttvā (फल-स्याद-त्त्वा) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case. The line writes it hetur.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss hetuṃ (हेतुं) and phala-syāda-ttvā (फल-स्याद-त्त्वा).