20.18
Mūlamadhyamakakārikā / 20. Sāmagrī (सामग्री) / 20.18
कथमुत्पत्स्यते शून्यं कथं शून्यं निरोत्स्यते शून्यमप्यनिरुद्धं तदनुत्पन्नं प्रसज्यते
katham utpatsyate śūnyaṃ kathaṃ śūnyaṃ nirotsyate śūnyam apy aniruddhaṃ tad anutpannaṃ prasajyate
The line
How, in utpatsyata (उत्पत्स्यत), empty, how, empty, in nirotsyata (निरोत्स्यत), empty, also, even. api before a vowel, aniruddha (अनिरुद्ध), that, anutpanna (अनुत्पन्न), is forced as a consequence.
Where it sits
In Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (मूलमध्यमककारिका), chapter 20. Sāmagrī (सामग्री). The collection of causes. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: katham (कथम्) + utpatsyate (उत्पत्स्यते) + śūnyaṃ (शून्यं) + kathaṃ (कथं) + śūnyaṃ (शून्यं) + nirotsyate (निरोत्स्यते) + śūnyam (शून्यम्) + apy (अप्य्) + aniruddhaṃ (अनिरुद्धं) + tad (तद्) + anutpannaṃ (अनुत्पन्नं) + prasajyate (प्रसज्यते)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| katham (कथम्) | indeclinable | how |
| utpatsyate (उत्पत्स्यते) | locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter | utpatsyata (उत्पत्स्यत) |
| śūnyaṃ (शून्यं) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | empty |
| kathaṃ (कथं) | indeclinable | how |
| śūnyaṃ (शून्यं) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | empty |
| nirotsyate (निरोत्स्यते) | locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter | nirotsyata (निरोत्स्यत) |
| śūnyam (शून्यम्) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | empty |
| apy (अप्य्) | indeclinable | also, even. api before a vowel |
| aniruddhaṃ (अनिरुद्धं) | accusative singular, masculine, or nominative or accusative singular, neuter | aniruddha (अनिरुद्ध) |
| tad (तद्) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | that |
| anutpannaṃ (अनुत्पन्नं) | accusative singular, masculine, or nominative or accusative singular, neuter | anutpanna (अनुत्पन्न) |
| prasajyate (प्रसज्यते) | present, third person singular | is forced as a consequence |
The phrases
katham (कथम्) is how. It stands as indeclinable. utpatsyate (उत्पत्स्यते) is utpatsyata (उत्पत्स्यत). It stands as locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter. śūnyaṃ (शून्यं) is empty. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. kathaṃ (कथं) is how. It stands as indeclinable. śūnyaṃ (शून्यं) is empty. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. nirotsyate (निरोत्स्यते) is nirotsyata (निरोत्स्यत). It stands as locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter.
śūnyam (शून्यम्) is empty. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. apy (अप्य्) is also, even. api before a vowel. It stands as indeclinable. aniruddhaṃ (अनिरुद्धं) is aniruddha (अनिरुद्ध). It stands as accusative singular, masculine, or nominative or accusative singular, neuter. tad (तद्) is that. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. anutpannaṃ (अनुत्पन्नं) is anutpanna (अनुत्पन्न). It stands as accusative singular, masculine, or nominative or accusative singular, neuter. prasajyate (प्रसज्यते) is is forced as a consequence. It stands as present, third person singular.
Sanskrit in this line
utpatsyate (उत्पत्स्यते) is locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter. That ending is the work an English preposition would do.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss utpatsyate (उत्पत्स्यते) and śūnyaṃ (शून्यं).