21.5
Mūlamadhyamakakārikā / 21. Saṃbhavavibhava (संभवविभव) / 21.5
संभवो विभवेनैव कथं सह भविष्यति न जन्म मरणं चैव तुल्यकालं हि विद्यते
saṃbhavo vibhavenaiva kathaṃ saha bhaviṣyati na janma maraṇaṃ caiva tulyakālaṃ hi vidyate
The line
Arising, by means of passing away just, how, together with, will be, not birth, maraṇa (मरण) and just, a compound: like, equal, and time. Is found.
Where it sits
In Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (मूलमध्यमककारिका), chapter 21. Saṃbhavavibhava (संभवविभव). Arising and passing away. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: saṃbhavaḥ (संभवः) + vibhavena (विभवेन) + eva (एव) + kathaṃ (कथं) + saha (सह) + bhaviṣyati (भविष्यति) + na (न) + janma (जन्म) + maraṇaṃ (मरणं) + ca (च) + eva (एव) + tulya-kālaṃ (तुल्य-कालं) + hi (हि) + vidyate (विद्यते)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| saṃbhavaḥ (संभवः) | nominative singular, masculine | arising |
| vibhavena (विभवेन) | instrumental singular | passing away |
| eva (एव) | indeclinable | only, just |
| kathaṃ (कथं) | indeclinable | how |
| saha (सह) | indeclinable | together with |
| bhaviṣyati (भविष्यति) | future, third person singular | will be |
| na (न) | indeclinable | not |
| janma (जन्म) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | birth |
| maraṇaṃ (मरणं) | accusative singular, masculine, or nominative or accusative singular, neuter | maraṇa (मरण) |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and |
| eva (एव) | indeclinable | only, just |
| tulya-kālaṃ (तुल्य-कालं) | accusative singular, masculine | a compound: like, equal, and time. Read it from the end |
| hi (हि) | indeclinable | for, indeed |
| vidyate (विद्यते) | present, third person singular | is found |
The phrases
saṃbhavaḥ (संभवः) is arising. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. The line writes it saṃbhavo (संभवो). vibhavena (विभवेन) is passing away. It stands as instrumental singular. eva (एव) is only, just. It stands as indeclinable. The line joins it on as vibhavenaiva. kathaṃ (कथं) is how. It stands as indeclinable. saha (सह) is together with. It stands as indeclinable. bhaviṣyati (भविष्यति) is will be. It stands as future, third person singular. na (न) is not. It stands as indeclinable.
janma (जन्म) is birth. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. maraṇaṃ (मरणं) is maraṇa (मरण). It stands as accusative singular, masculine, or nominative or accusative singular, neuter. ca (च) is and. It stands as indeclinable. eva (एव) is only, just. It stands as indeclinable. The line joins them as caiva. tulya-kālaṃ (तुल्य-कालं) is a compound: like, equal, and time. Read it from the end. It stands as accusative singular, masculine. hi (हि) is for, indeed. It stands as indeclinable. vidyate (विद्यते) is is found. It stands as present, third person singular.
Sanskrit in this line
tulya-kālaṃ (तुल्य-कालं) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case. The line writes it saṃbhavo (संभवो). The line joins it on as vibhavenaiva. The line joins them as caiva.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss saṃbhavaḥ (संभवः) and vibhavena (विभवेन).