21.4
Mūlamadhyamakakārikā / 21. Saṃbhavavibhava (संभवविभव) / 21.4
भविष्यति कथं नाम संभवो विभवं विना अनित्यता हि भावेषु न कदाचिन् न विद्यते
bhaviṣyati kathaṃ nāma saṃbhavo vibhavaṃ vinā anityatā hi bhāveṣu na kadācin na vidyate
The line
Will be, how, indeed, by name, arising, passing away, without, a compound: not eternal, and the state of being that. In a state, not kadācin (कदाचिन्), not is found.
Where it sits
In Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (मूलमध्यमककारिका), chapter 21. Saṃbhavavibhava (संभवविभव). Arising and passing away. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: bhaviṣyati (भविष्यति) + kathaṃ (कथं) + nāma (नाम) + saṃbhavaḥ (संभवः) + vibhavaṃ (विभवं) + vinā (विना) + anitya-tā (अनित्य-ता) + hi (हि) + bhāveṣu (भावेषु) + na (न) + kadācin (कदाचिन्) + na (न) + vidyate (विद्यते)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| bhaviṣyati (भविष्यति) | future, third person singular | will be |
| kathaṃ (कथं) | indeclinable | how |
| nāma (नाम) | indeclinable | indeed, by name |
| saṃbhavaḥ (संभवः) | nominative singular, masculine | arising |
| vibhavaṃ (विभवं) | accusative singular, masculine | passing away |
| vinā (विना) | indeclinable | without |
| anitya-tā (अनित्य-ता) | a compound, the ending is on the last member | a compound: not eternal, and the state of being that. Read it from the end |
| hi (हि) | indeclinable | for, indeed |
| bhāveṣu (भावेषु) | locative plural | a state |
| na (न) | indeclinable | not |
| kadācin (कदाचिन्) | the form as the line writes it | this word, as the line writes it |
| na (न) | indeclinable | not |
| vidyate (विद्यते) | present, third person singular | is found |
The phrases
bhaviṣyati (भविष्यति) is will be. It stands as future, third person singular. kathaṃ (कथं) is how. It stands as indeclinable. nāma (नाम) is indeed, by name. It stands as indeclinable. saṃbhavaḥ (संभवः) is arising. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. The line writes it saṃbhavo (संभवो). vibhavaṃ (विभवं) is passing away. It stands as accusative singular, masculine. vinā (विना) is without. It stands as indeclinable. anitya-tā (अनित्य-ता) is a compound: not eternal, and the state of being that. Read it from the end. It stands as a compound, the ending is on the last member.
hi (हि) is for, indeed. It stands as indeclinable. bhāveṣu (भावेषु) is a state. It stands as locative plural. na (न) is not. It stands as indeclinable. kadācin (कदाचिन्) is this word, as the line writes it. It stands as the form as the line writes it. na (न) is not. It stands as indeclinable. vidyate (विद्यते) is is found. It stands as present, third person singular.
Sanskrit in this line
bhaviṣyati (भविष्यति) is future, third person singular. That ending is the work an English preposition would do. The line writes it saṃbhavo (संभवो).
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss bhaviṣyati (भविष्यति) and nāma (नाम).