22.3
Mūlamadhyamakakārikā / 22. Tathāgata (तथागत) / 22.3
प्रतीत्य परभावं यः सोऽनात्मेत्युपपद्यते यश् चानात्मा स च कथं भविष्यति तथागतः
pratītya parabhāvaṃ yaḥ so 'nātmety upapadyate yaś cānātmā sa ca kathaṃ bhaviṣyati tathāgataḥ
The line
Having depended on, an other-nature, who, which, he, that. saḥ (सः) before a voiced sound, not the self thus, fits, who, which, cānātma (चानात्म), he, that. saḥ (सः) before a consonant and, how, will be, the one who has gone thus.
Where it sits
In Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (मूलमध्यमककारिका), chapter 22. Tathāgata (तथागत). The one who has gone thus. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: pratītya (प्रतीत्य) + parabhāvaṃ (परभावं) + yaḥ (यः) + so (सो) + anātma (अनात्म) + ity (इत्य्) + upapadyate (उपपद्यते) + yaḥ (यः) + cānātmā (चानात्मा) + sa (स) + ca (च) + kathaṃ (कथं) + bhaviṣyati (भविष्यति) + tathāgataḥ (तथागतः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| pratītya (प्रतीत्य) | gerund | having depended on |
| parabhāvaṃ (परभावं) | accusative singular, masculine | an other-nature |
| yaḥ (यः) | nominative singular, masculine | who, which |
| so (सो) | nominative singular, masculine | he, that. saḥ (सः) before a voiced sound |
| anātma (अनात्म) | nominative singular, masculine | not the self |
| ity (इत्य्) | indeclinable | thus. iti before a vowel |
| upapadyate (उपपद्यते) | present, third person singular | fits |
| yaḥ (यः) | nominative singular, masculine | who, which |
| cānātmā (चानात्मा) | nominative singular, feminine, or instrumental singular | cānātma (चानात्म) |
| sa (स) | nominative singular, masculine | he, that. saḥ (सः) before a consonant |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and |
| kathaṃ (कथं) | indeclinable | how |
| bhaviṣyati (भविष्यति) | future, third person singular | will be |
| tathāgataḥ (तथागतः) | nominative singular, masculine | the one who has gone thus |
The phrases
pratītya (प्रतीत्य) is having depended on. It stands as gerund. parabhāvaṃ (परभावं) is an other-nature. It stands as accusative singular, masculine. yaḥ (यः) is who, which. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. so (सो) is he, that. saḥ (सः) before a voiced sound. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. anātma (अनात्म) is not the self. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. The apostrophe marks an a that was dropped. ity (इत्य्) is thus. iti before a vowel. It stands as indeclinable. The line joins it on as anātmety (अनात्मेत्य्). upapadyate (उपपद्यते) is fits. It stands as present, third person singular.
yaḥ (यः) is who, which. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. The line writes it yaś (यश्). cānātmā (चानात्मा) is cānātma (चानात्म). It stands as nominative singular, feminine, or instrumental singular. sa (स) is he, that. saḥ (सः) before a consonant. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. ca (च) is and. It stands as indeclinable. kathaṃ (कथं) is how. It stands as indeclinable. bhaviṣyati (भविष्यति) is will be. It stands as future, third person singular. tathāgataḥ (तथागतः) is the one who has gone thus. It stands as nominative singular, masculine.
Sanskrit in this line
The apostrophe is an avagraha. It marks an a that sandhi dropped. The sitting puts that a back. The apostrophe marks an a that was dropped. The line joins it on as anātmety (अनात्मेत्य्). The line writes it yaś (यश्).
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss pratītya (प्रतीत्य) and parabhāvaṃ (परभावं).