22.2
Mūlamadhyamakakārikā / 22. Tathāgata (तथागत) / 22.2
बुद्धः स्कन्धानुपादाय यदि नास्ति स्वभावतः स्वभावतश् च यो नास्ति कुतः स परभावतः
buddhaḥ skandhān upādāya yadi nāsti svabhāvataḥ svabhāvataś ca yo nāsti kutaḥ sa parabhāvataḥ
The line
One who has woken, an aggregate of matter, for upāda (उपाद), if, is not, a compound: an own-nature, and taḥa (तःअ), a compound: an own-nature, and taśa (तश) and, who, which. yaḥ (यः) before a voiced sound, is not, from where, how, he, that. saḥ (सः) before a consonant, a compound: another, the higher, and bhāvata (भावत).
Where it sits
In Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (मूलमध्यमककारिका), chapter 22. Tathāgata (तथागत). The one who has gone thus. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: buddhaḥ (बुद्धः) + skandhān (स्कन्धान्) + upādāya (उपादाय) + yadi (यदि) + nāsti (नास्ति) + svabhāva-taḥa (स्वभाव-तःअ) + svabhāva-taśa (स्वभाव-तश) + ca (च) + yo (यो) + nāsti (नास्ति) + kutaḥ (कुतः) + sa (स) + para-bhāvataḥ (पर-भावतः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| buddhaḥ (बुद्धः) | nominative singular, masculine | one who has woken |
| skandhān (स्कन्धान्) | accusative plural, masculine | an aggregate of matter |
| upādāya (उपादाय) | dative singular | upāda (उपाद) |
| yadi (यदि) | indeclinable | if |
| nāsti (नास्ति) | present, third person singular | is not |
| svabhāva-taḥa (स्वभाव-तःअ) | a compound, the ending is on the last member | a compound: an own-nature, and taḥa (तःअ). Read it from the end |
| svabhāva-taśa (स्वभाव-तश) | a compound, the ending is on the last member | a compound: an own-nature, and taśa (तश). Read it from the end |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and |
| yo (यो) | nominative singular, masculine | who, which. yaḥ (यः) before a voiced sound |
| nāsti (नास्ति) | present, third person singular | is not |
| kutaḥ (कुतः) | indeclinable | from where, how |
| sa (स) | nominative singular, masculine | he, that. saḥ (सः) before a consonant |
| para-bhāvataḥ (पर-भावतः) | nominative singular, masculine | a compound: another, the higher, and bhāvata (भावत). Read it from the end |
The phrases
buddhaḥ (बुद्धः) is one who has woken. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. skandhān (स्कन्धान्) is an aggregate of matter. It stands as accusative plural, masculine. upādāya (उपादाय) is upāda (उपाद). It stands as dative singular. yadi (यदि) is if. It stands as indeclinable. nāsti (नास्ति) is is not. It stands as present, third person singular. svabhāva-taḥa (स्वभाव-तःअ) is a compound: an own-nature, and taḥa (तःअ). Read it from the end. It stands as a compound, the ending is on the last member. svabhāva-taśa (स्वभाव-तश) is a compound: an own-nature, and taśa (तश). Read it from the end. It stands as a compound, the ending is on the last member.
ca (च) is and. It stands as indeclinable. yo (यो) is who, which. yaḥ (यः) before a voiced sound. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. nāsti (नास्ति) is is not. It stands as present, third person singular. kutaḥ (कुतः) is from where, how. It stands as indeclinable. sa (स) is he, that. saḥ (सः) before a consonant. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. para-bhāvataḥ (पर-भावतः) is a compound: another, the higher, and bhāvata (भावत). Read it from the end. It stands as nominative singular, masculine.
Sanskrit in this line
svabhāva-taḥa (स्वभाव-तःअ) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss buddhaḥ (बुद्धः) and skandhān (स्कन्धान्).