22.16
Mūlamadhyamakakārikā / 22. Tathāgata (तथागत) / 22.16
तथागतो यत्स्वभावस् तत्स्वभावमिदं जगत् तथागतो निःस्वभावो निःस्वभावमिदं जगत्
tathāgato yatsvabhāvas tatsvabhāvam idaṃ jagat tathāgato niḥsvabhāvo niḥsvabhāvam idaṃ jagat
The line
The one who has gone thus, a compound: which, that which, and an own-nature, a compound: that, and an own-nature, this, the world, the one who has gone thus, a compound: niḥsva (निःस्व), and a state, a compound: niḥsva (निःस्व), and a state, this, the world.
Where it sits
In Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (मूलमध्यमककारिका), chapter 22. Tathāgata (तथागत). The one who has gone thus. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: tathāgataḥ (तथागतः) + yat-svabhāvaḥ (यत्-स्वभावः) + tat-svabhāvam (तत्-स्वभावम्) + idaṃ (इदं) + jagat (जगत्) + tathāgataḥ (तथागतः) + niḥsva-bhāvaḥ (निःस्व-भावः) + niḥsva-bhāvam (निःस्व-भावम्) + idaṃ (इदं) + jagat (जगत्)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| tathāgataḥ (तथागतः) | nominative singular, masculine | the one who has gone thus |
| yat-svabhāvaḥ (यत्-स्वभावः) | nominative singular, masculine | a compound: which, that which, and an own-nature. Read it from the end |
| tat-svabhāvam (तत्-स्वभावम्) | accusative singular, masculine | a compound: that, and an own-nature. Read it from the end |
| idaṃ (इदं) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | this |
| jagat (जगत्) | the stem, as the line writes it | the world |
| tathāgataḥ (तथागतः) | nominative singular, masculine | the one who has gone thus |
| niḥsva-bhāvaḥ (निःस्व-भावः) | nominative singular, masculine | a compound: niḥsva (निःस्व), and a state. Read it from the end |
| niḥsva-bhāvam (निःस्व-भावम्) | accusative singular, masculine | a compound: niḥsva (निःस्व), and a state. Read it from the end |
| idaṃ (इदं) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | this |
| jagat (जगत्) | the stem, as the line writes it | the world |
The phrases
tathāgataḥ (तथागतः) is the one who has gone thus. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. The line writes it tathāgato (तथागतो). yat-svabhāvaḥ (यत्-स्वभावः) is a compound: which, that which, and an own-nature. Read it from the end. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. The line writes it yatsvabhāvas (यत्स्वभाव). tat-svabhāvam (तत्-स्वभावम्) is a compound: that, and an own-nature. Read it from the end. It stands as accusative singular, masculine. idaṃ (इदं) is this. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. jagat (जगत्) is the world. It stands as the stem, as the line writes it.
tathāgataḥ (तथागतः) is the one who has gone thus. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. The line writes it tathāgato (तथागतो). niḥsva-bhāvaḥ (निःस्व-भावः) is a compound: niḥsva (निःस्व), and a state. Read it from the end. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. The line writes it niḥsvabhāvo (निःस्वभावो). niḥsva-bhāvam (निःस्व-भावम्) is a compound: niḥsva (निःस्व), and a state. Read it from the end. It stands as accusative singular, masculine. idaṃ (इदं) is this. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. jagat (जगत्) is the world. It stands as the stem, as the line writes it.
Sanskrit in this line
yat-svabhāvaḥ (यत्-स्वभावः) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case. The line writes it tathāgato (तथागतो). The line writes it yatsvabhāvas (यत्स्वभाव). The line writes it tathāgato (तथागतो). The line writes it niḥsvabhāvo (निःस्वभावो).
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss tathāgataḥ (तथागतः) and yat-svabhāvaḥ (यत्-स्वभावः).