23.1
Mūlamadhyamakakārikā / 23. Viparyāsa (विपर्यास) / 23.1
संकल्पप्रभवो रागो द्वेषो मोहश् च कथ्यते शुभाशुभविपर्यासान् संभवन्ति प्रतीत्य हि
saṃkalpaprabhavo rāgo dveṣo mohaś ca kathyate śubhāśubhaviparyāsān saṃbhavanti pratītya hi
The line
saṃkalpaprabhava (संकल्पप्रभव), passion, aversion, confusion and, in kathyata (कथ्यत), a compound: śubhā (शुभा), śubha (शुभ), and a reversal, can be, arise, having depended on.
Where it sits
In Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (मूलमध्यमककारिका), chapter 23. Viparyāsa (विपर्यास). The reversals, taking the impure for the pure and the rest. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: saṃkalpaprabhavo (संकल्पप्रभवो) + rāgaḥ (रागः) + dveṣaḥ (द्वेषः) + mohaḥ (मोहः) + ca (च) + kathyate (कथ्यते) + śubhā-śubha-viparyāsān (शुभा-शुभ-विपर्यासान्) + saṃbhavanti (संभवन्ति) + pratītya (प्रतीत्य) + hi (हि)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| saṃkalpaprabhavo (संकल्पप्रभवो) | nominative singular, masculine | saṃkalpaprabhava (संकल्पप्रभव) |
| rāgaḥ (रागः) | nominative singular, masculine | passion |
| dveṣaḥ (द्वेषः) | nominative singular, masculine | aversion |
| mohaḥ (मोहः) | nominative singular, masculine | confusion |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and |
| kathyate (कथ्यते) | locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter | kathyata (कथ्यत) |
| śubhā-śubha-viparyāsān (शुभा-शुभ-विपर्यासान्) | accusative plural, masculine | a compound: śubhā (शुभा), śubha (शुभ), and a reversal. Read it from the end |
| saṃbhavanti (संभवन्ति) | present, third person plural | can be, arise |
| pratītya (प्रतीत्य) | gerund | having depended on |
| hi (हि) | indeclinable | for, indeed |
The phrases
saṃkalpaprabhavo (संकल्पप्रभवो) is saṃkalpaprabhava (संकल्पप्रभव). It stands as nominative singular, masculine. rāgaḥ (रागः) is passion. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. The line writes it rāgo (रागो). dveṣaḥ (द्वेषः) is aversion. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. The line writes it dveṣo (द्वेषो). mohaḥ (मोहः) is confusion. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. The line writes it mohaś (मोहश्). ca (च) is and. It stands as indeclinable.
kathyate (कथ्यते) is kathyata (कथ्यत). It stands as locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter. śubhā-śubha-viparyāsān (शुभा-शुभ-विपर्यासान्) is a compound: śubhā (शुभा), śubha (शुभ), and a reversal. Read it from the end. It stands as accusative plural, masculine. saṃbhavanti (संभवन्ति) is can be, arise. It stands as present, third person plural. pratītya (प्रतीत्य) is having depended on. It stands as gerund. hi (हि) is for, indeed. It stands as indeclinable.
Sanskrit in this line
śubhā-śubha-viparyāsān (शुभा-शुभ-विपर्यासान्) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case. The line writes it rāgo (रागो). The line writes it dveṣo (द्वेषो). The line writes it mohaś (मोहश्).
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss saṃkalpaprabhavo (संकल्पप्रभवो) and rāgaḥ (रागः).