23.2
Mūlamadhyamakakārikā / 23. Viparyāsa (विपर्यास) / 23.2
शुभाशुभविपर्यासान् संभवन्ति प्रतीत्य ये ते स्वभावान् न विद्यन्ते तस्मात् क्लेशा न तत्त्वतः
śubhāśubhaviparyāsān saṃbhavanti pratītya ye te svabhāvān na vidyante tasmāt kleśā na tattvataḥ
The line
A compound: śubhā (शुभा), śubha (शुभ), and a reversal, can be, arise, having depended on, who, which, they, those, an own-nature, not are found, because of from that, an affliction, not a compound: that, but, and therefore.
Where it sits
In Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (मूलमध्यमककारिका), chapter 23. Viparyāsa (विपर्यास). The reversals, taking the impure for the pure and the rest. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: śubhā-śubha-viparyāsān (शुभा-शुभ-विपर्यासान्) + saṃbhavanti (संभवन्ति) + pratītya (प्रतीत्य) + ye (ये) + te (ते) + svabhāvān (स्वभावान्) + na (न) + vidyante (विद्यन्ते) + tasmāt (तस्मात्) + kleśā (क्लेशा) + na (न) + tat-tu-ataḥ (तत्-तु-अतः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| śubhā-śubha-viparyāsān (शुभा-शुभ-विपर्यासान्) | accusative plural, masculine | a compound: śubhā (शुभा), śubha (शुभ), and a reversal. Read it from the end |
| saṃbhavanti (संभवन्ति) | present, third person plural | can be, arise |
| pratītya (प्रतीत्य) | gerund | having depended on |
| ye (ये) | nominative plural, masculine | who, which |
| te (ते) | nominative plural, masculine | they, those |
| svabhāvān (स्वभावान्) | accusative plural, masculine | an own-nature |
| na (न) | indeclinable | not |
| vidyante (विद्यन्ते) | present, third person plural | are found |
| tasmāt (तस्मात्) | ablative singular | from that |
| kleśā (क्लेशा) | nominative singular, feminine, or instrumental singular | an affliction |
| na (न) | indeclinable | not |
| tat-tu-ataḥ (तत्-तु-अतः) | a compound, the ending is on the last member | a compound: that, but, and therefore. Read it from the end |
The phrases
śubhā-śubha-viparyāsān (शुभा-शुभ-विपर्यासान्) is a compound: śubhā (शुभा), śubha (शुभ), and a reversal. Read it from the end. It stands as accusative plural, masculine. saṃbhavanti (संभवन्ति) is can be, arise. It stands as present, third person plural. pratītya (प्रतीत्य) is having depended on. It stands as gerund. ye (ये) is who, which. It stands as nominative plural, masculine. te (ते) is they, those. It stands as nominative plural, masculine. svabhāvān (स्वभावान्) is an own-nature. It stands as accusative plural, masculine.
na (न) is not. It stands as indeclinable. vidyante (विद्यन्ते) is are found. It stands as present, third person plural. tasmāt (तस्मात्) is from that. It stands as ablative singular. kleśā (क्लेशा) is an affliction. It stands as nominative singular, feminine, or instrumental singular. na (न) is not. It stands as indeclinable. tat-tu-ataḥ (तत्-तु-अतः) is a compound: that, but, and therefore. Read it from the end. It stands as a compound, the ending is on the last member.
Sanskrit in this line
śubhā-śubha-viparyāsān (शुभा-शुभ-विपर्यासान्) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss śubhā-śubha-viparyāsān (शुभा-शुभ-विपर्यासान्) and saṃbhavanti (संभवन्ति).