23.12
Mūlamadhyamakakārikā / 23. Viparyāsa (विपर्यास) / 23.12
अविद्यमाने च शुभे कुतो रागो भविष्यति अशुभेऽविद्यमाने च कुतो द्वेषो भविष्यति
avidyamāne ca śubhe kuto rāgo bhaviṣyati aśubhe 'vidyamāne ca kuto dveṣo bhaviṣyati
The line
In a compound: avidya (अविद्य), and a measure, a means of knowing and, in śubha (शुभ), from where. kutaḥ (कुतः) before a voiced sound, passion, will be, in aśubha (अशुभ), in a compound: avidya (अविद्य), and a measure, a means of knowing and, from where. kutaḥ (कुतः) before a voiced sound, aversion, will be.
Where it sits
In Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (मूलमध्यमककारिका), chapter 23. Viparyāsa (विपर्यास). The reversals, taking the impure for the pure and the rest. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: avidya-māne (अविद्य-माने) + ca (च) + śubhe (शुभे) + kuto (कुतो) + rāgaḥ (रागः) + bhaviṣyati (भविष्यति) + aśubhe (अशुभे) + avidya-māne (अविद्य-माने) + ca (च) + kuto (कुतो) + dveṣaḥ (द्वेषः) + bhaviṣyati (भविष्यति)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| avidya-māne (अविद्य-माने) | locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter | a compound: avidya (अविद्य), and a measure, a means of knowing. Read it from the end |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and |
| śubhe (शुभे) | locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter | śubha (शुभ) |
| kuto (कुतो) | indeclinable | from where. kutaḥ (कुतः) before a voiced sound |
| rāgaḥ (रागः) | nominative singular, masculine | passion |
| bhaviṣyati (भविष्यति) | future, third person singular | will be |
| aśubhe (अशुभे) | locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter | aśubha (अशुभ) |
| avidya-māne (अविद्य-माने) | locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter | a compound: avidya (अविद्य), and a measure, a means of knowing. Read it from the end |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and |
| kuto (कुतो) | indeclinable | from where. kutaḥ (कुतः) before a voiced sound |
| dveṣaḥ (द्वेषः) | nominative singular, masculine | aversion |
| bhaviṣyati (भविष्यति) | future, third person singular | will be |
The phrases
avidya-māne (अविद्य-माने) is a compound: avidya (अविद्य), and a measure, a means of knowing. Read it from the end. It stands as locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter. ca (च) is and. It stands as indeclinable. śubhe (शुभे) is śubha (शुभ). It stands as locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter. kuto (कुतो) is from where. kutaḥ (कुतः) before a voiced sound. It stands as indeclinable. rāgaḥ (रागः) is passion. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. The line writes it rāgo (रागो). bhaviṣyati (भविष्यति) is will be. It stands as future, third person singular.
aśubhe (अशुभे) is aśubha (अशुभ). It stands as locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter. avidya-māne (अविद्य-माने) is a compound: avidya (अविद्य), and a measure, a means of knowing. Read it from the end. It stands as locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter. The apostrophe marks an a that was dropped. ca (च) is and. It stands as indeclinable. kuto (कुतो) is from where. kutaḥ (कुतः) before a voiced sound. It stands as indeclinable. dveṣaḥ (द्वेषः) is aversion. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. The line writes it dveṣo (द्वेषो). bhaviṣyati (भविष्यति) is will be. It stands as future, third person singular.
Sanskrit in this line
avidya-māne (अविद्य-माने) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case. The line writes it rāgo (रागो). The apostrophe marks an a that was dropped. The line writes it dveṣo (द्वेषो).
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss avidya-māne (अविद्य-माने) and śubhe (शुभे).