23.13
Mūlamadhyamakakārikā / 23. Viparyāsa (विपर्यास) / 23.13
अनित्ये नित्यमित्येवं यदि ग्राहो विपर्ययः नानित्यं विद्यते शून्ये कुतो ग्राहो विपर्ययः
anitye nityam ity evaṃ yadi grāho viparyayaḥ nānityaṃ vidyate śūnye kuto grāho viparyayaḥ
The line
In not eternal, always thus thus, if, grāha (ग्राह), the reverse, not not eternal, is found, in empty, from where. kutaḥ (कुतः) before a voiced sound, grāha (ग्राह), the reverse.
Where it sits
In Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (मूलमध्यमककारिका), chapter 23. Viparyāsa (विपर्यास). The reversals, taking the impure for the pure and the rest. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: anitye (अनित्ये) + nityam (नित्यम्) + ity (इत्य्) + evaṃ (एवं) + yadi (यदि) + grāho (ग्राहो) + viparyayaḥ (विपर्ययः) + na (न) + anityaṃ (अनित्यं) + vidyate (विद्यते) + śūnye (शून्ये) + kuto (कुतो) + grāho (ग्राहो) + viparyayaḥ (विपर्ययः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| anitye (अनित्ये) | locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter | not eternal |
| nityam (नित्यम्) | indeclinable | always |
| ity (इत्य्) | indeclinable | thus. iti before a vowel |
| evaṃ (एवं) | indeclinable | in this way |
| yadi (यदि) | indeclinable | if |
| grāho (ग्राहो) | nominative singular, masculine | grāha (ग्राह) |
| viparyayaḥ (विपर्ययः) | nominative singular, masculine | the reverse |
| na (न) | indeclinable | not |
| anityaṃ (अनित्यं) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | not eternal |
| vidyate (विद्यते) | present, third person singular | is found |
| śūnye (शून्ये) | locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter | empty |
| kuto (कुतो) | indeclinable | from where. kutaḥ (कुतः) before a voiced sound |
| grāho (ग्राहो) | nominative singular, masculine | grāha (ग्राह) |
| viparyayaḥ (विपर्ययः) | nominative singular, masculine | the reverse |
The phrases
anitye (अनित्ये) is not eternal. It stands as locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter. nityam (नित्यम्) is always. It stands as indeclinable. ity (इत्य्) is thus. iti before a vowel. It stands as indeclinable. evaṃ (एवं) is in this way. It stands as indeclinable. yadi (यदि) is if. It stands as indeclinable. grāho (ग्राहो) is grāha (ग्राह). It stands as nominative singular, masculine. viparyayaḥ (विपर्ययः) is the reverse. It stands as nominative singular, masculine.
na (न) is not. It stands as indeclinable. anityaṃ (अनित्यं) is not eternal. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. vidyate (विद्यते) is is found. It stands as present, third person singular. śūnye (शून्ये) is empty. It stands as locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter. kuto (कुतो) is from where. kutaḥ (कुतः) before a voiced sound. It stands as indeclinable. grāho (ग्राहो) is grāha (ग्राह). It stands as nominative singular, masculine. viparyayaḥ (विपर्ययः) is the reverse. It stands as nominative singular, masculine.
Sanskrit in this line
viparyayaḥ (विपर्ययः) is nominative singular, masculine. That ending is the work an English preposition would do.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss anitye (अनित्ये) and nityam (नित्यम्).