23.16
Mūlamadhyamakakārikā / 23. Viparyāsa (विपर्यास) / 23.16
अविद्यमाने ग्राहे च मिथ्या वा सम्यगेव वा भवेद् विपर्ययः कस्य भवेत् कस्याविपर्ययः
avidyamāne grāhe ca mithyā vā samyag eva vā bhaved viparyayaḥ kasya bhavet kasyāviparyayaḥ
The line
In a compound: avidya (अविद्य), and a measure, a means of knowing, in grāha (ग्राह) and, mithya (मिथ्य) or, samyag (सम्यग्) just or, would be. bhavet before a voiced sound, the reverse, of of whom, would be, a compound: kasyā (कस्या), and the reverse.
Where it sits
In Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (मूलमध्यमककारिका), chapter 23. Viparyāsa (विपर्यास). The reversals, taking the impure for the pure and the rest. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: avidya-māne (अविद्य-माने) + grāhe (ग्राहे) + ca (च) + mithyā (मिथ्या) + vā (वा) + samyag (सम्यग्) + eva (एव) + vā (वा) + bhaved (भवेद्) + viparyayaḥ (विपर्ययः) + kasya (कस्य) + bhavet (भवेत्) + kasyā-viparyayaḥ (कस्या-विपर्ययः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| avidya-māne (अविद्य-माने) | locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter | a compound: avidya (अविद्य), and a measure, a means of knowing. Read it from the end |
| grāhe (ग्राहे) | locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter | grāha (ग्राह) |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and |
| mithyā (मिथ्या) | nominative singular, feminine, or instrumental singular | mithya (मिथ्य) |
| vā (वा) | indeclinable | or |
| samyag (सम्यग्) | the form as the line writes it | this word, as the line writes it |
| eva (एव) | indeclinable | only, just |
| vā (वा) | indeclinable | or |
| bhaved (भवेद्) | optative, third person singular | would be. bhavet before a voiced sound |
| viparyayaḥ (विपर्ययः) | nominative singular, masculine | the reverse |
| kasya (कस्य) | genitive singular | of whom |
| bhavet (भवेत्) | optative, third person singular | would be |
| kasyā-viparyayaḥ (कस्या-विपर्ययः) | nominative singular, masculine | a compound: kasyā (कस्या), and the reverse. Read it from the end |
The phrases
avidya-māne (अविद्य-माने) is a compound: avidya (अविद्य), and a measure, a means of knowing. Read it from the end. It stands as locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter. grāhe (ग्राहे) is grāha (ग्राह). It stands as locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter. ca (च) is and. It stands as indeclinable. mithyā (मिथ्या) is mithya (मिथ्य). It stands as nominative singular, feminine, or instrumental singular. vā (वा) is or. It stands as indeclinable. samyag (सम्यग्) is this word, as the line writes it. It stands as the form as the line writes it. eva (एव) is only, just. It stands as indeclinable.
vā (वा) is or. It stands as indeclinable. bhaved (भवेद्) is would be. bhavet before a voiced sound. It stands as optative, third person singular. viparyayaḥ (विपर्ययः) is the reverse. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. kasya (कस्य) is of whom. It stands as genitive singular. bhavet (भवेत्) is would be. It stands as optative, third person singular. kasyā-viparyayaḥ (कस्या-विपर्ययः) is a compound: kasyā (कस्या), and the reverse. Read it from the end. It stands as nominative singular, masculine.
Sanskrit in this line
kasyā-viparyayaḥ (कस्या-विपर्ययः) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss avidya-māne (अविद्य-माने) and grāhe (ग्राहे).