24.1
Mūlamadhyamakakārikā / 24. Āryasatya (आर्यसत्य) / 24.1
यदि शून्यमिदं सर्वमुदयो नास्ति न व्ययः चतुर्णामार्यसत्यानामभावस् ते प्रसज्यते
yadi śūnyam idaṃ sarvam udayo nāsti na vyayaḥ caturṇām āryasatyānām abhāvas te prasajyate
The line
If, empty, this, all, udaya (उदय), is not, not vyaya (व्यय), a compound: four, and ṇāma (णाम), of a noble truth, absence, they, those, is forced as a consequence.
Where it sits
In Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (मूलमध्यमककारिका), chapter 24. Āryasatya (आर्यसत्य). The noble truths. Verse 18 says what śūnyatā (शून्यता) is. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: yadi (यदि) + śūnyam (शून्यम्) + idaṃ (इदं) + sarvam (सर्वम्) + udayo (उदयो) + nāsti (नास्ति) + na (न) + vyayaḥ (व्ययः) + catur-ṇāma (चतुर्-णाम) + āryasatyānām (आर्यसत्यानाम्) + abhāvaḥ (अभावः) + te (ते) + prasajyate (प्रसज्यते)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| yadi (यदि) | indeclinable | if |
| śūnyam (शून्यम्) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | empty |
| idaṃ (इदं) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | this |
| sarvam (सर्वम्) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | all |
| udayo (उदयो) | nominative singular, masculine | udaya (उदय) |
| nāsti (नास्ति) | present, third person singular | is not |
| na (न) | indeclinable | not |
| vyayaḥ (व्ययः) | nominative singular, masculine | vyaya (व्यय) |
| catur-ṇāma (चतुर्-णाम) | a compound, the ending is on the last member | a compound: four, and ṇāma (णाम). Read it from the end |
| āryasatyānām (आर्यसत्यानाम्) | genitive plural | a noble truth |
| abhāvaḥ (अभावः) | nominative singular, masculine | absence |
| te (ते) | nominative plural, masculine | they, those |
| prasajyate (प्रसज्यते) | present, third person singular | is forced as a consequence |
The phrases
yadi (यदि) is if. It stands as indeclinable. śūnyam (शून्यम्) is empty. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. idaṃ (इदं) is this. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. sarvam (सर्वम्) is all. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. udayo (उदयो) is udaya (उदय). It stands as nominative singular, masculine. nāsti (नास्ति) is is not. It stands as present, third person singular. na (न) is not. It stands as indeclinable.
vyayaḥ (व्ययः) is vyaya (व्यय). It stands as nominative singular, masculine. catur-ṇāma (चतुर्-णाम) is a compound: four, and ṇāma (णाम). Read it from the end. It stands as a compound, the ending is on the last member. āryasatyānām (आर्यसत्यानाम्) is a noble truth. It stands as genitive plural. abhāvaḥ (अभावः) is absence. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. The line writes it abhāvas (अभाव). te (ते) is they, those. It stands as nominative plural, masculine. prasajyate (प्रसज्यते) is is forced as a consequence. It stands as present, third person singular.
Sanskrit in this line
āryasatyānām (आर्यसत्यानाम्) is genitive plural. That ending is the work an English preposition would do. The line writes it abhāvas (अभाव).
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss śūnyam (शून्यम्) and idaṃ (इदं).