24.5
Mūlamadhyamakakārikā / 24. Āryasatya (आर्यसत्य) / 24.5
धर्मे चासति संघे च कथं बुद्धो भविष्यति एवं त्रीण्यपि रत्नानि ब्रुवाणः प्रतिबाधसे
dharme cāsati saṃghe ca kathaṃ buddho bhaviṣyati evaṃ trīṇy api ratnāni bruvāṇaḥ pratibādhase
The line
In dharma, a property and, in when it is, it being so, in saṃgha (संघ) and, how, one who has woken, will be thus, trīṇy (त्रीण्य्) even, ratna (रत्न), bruvāṇa (ब्रुवाण), in a compound: toward, against, and bādhasa (बाधस).
Where it sits
In Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (मूलमध्यमककारिका), chapter 24. Āryasatya (आर्यसत्य). The noble truths. Verse 18 says what śūnyatā (शून्यता) is. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: dharme (धर्मे) + cā (चा) + sati (सति) + saṃghe (संघे) + ca (च) + kathaṃ (कथं) + buddhaḥ (बुद्धः) + bhaviṣyati (भविष्यति) + evaṃ (एवं) + trīṇy (त्रीण्य्) + api (अपि) + ratnāni (रत्नानि) + bruvāṇaḥ (ब्रुवाणः) + prati-bādhase (प्रति-बाधसे)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| dharme (धर्मे) | locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter | dharma, a property |
| cā (चा) | indeclinable | and. ca before a vowel |
| sati (सति) | locative singular, present participle | when it is, it being so |
| saṃghe (संघे) | locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter | saṃgha (संघ) |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and |
| kathaṃ (कथं) | indeclinable | how |
| buddhaḥ (बुद्धः) | nominative singular, masculine | one who has woken |
| bhaviṣyati (भविष्यति) | future, third person singular | will be |
| evaṃ (एवं) | indeclinable | in this way |
| trīṇy (त्रीण्य्) | the form as the line writes it | this word, as the line writes it |
| api (अपि) | indeclinable | also, even |
| ratnāni (रत्नानि) | nominative or accusative plural, neuter | ratna (रत्न) |
| bruvāṇaḥ (ब्रुवाणः) | nominative singular, masculine | bruvāṇa (ब्रुवाण) |
| prati-bādhase (प्रति-बाधसे) | locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter | a compound: toward, against, and bādhasa (बाधस). Read it from the end |
The phrases
dharme (धर्मे) is dharma, a property. It stands as locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter. cā (चा) is and. ca before a vowel. It stands as indeclinable. sati (सति) is when it is, it being so. It stands as locative singular, present participle. The line joins them as cāsati (चासति). saṃghe (संघे) is saṃgha (संघ). It stands as locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter. ca (च) is and. It stands as indeclinable. kathaṃ (कथं) is how. It stands as indeclinable. buddhaḥ (बुद्धः) is one who has woken. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. The line writes it buddho.
bhaviṣyati (भविष्यति) is will be. It stands as future, third person singular. evaṃ (एवं) is in this way. It stands as indeclinable. trīṇy (त्रीण्य्) is this word, as the line writes it. It stands as the form as the line writes it. api (अपि) is also, even. It stands as indeclinable. ratnāni (रत्नानि) is ratna (रत्न). It stands as nominative or accusative plural, neuter. bruvāṇaḥ (ब्रुवाणः) is bruvāṇa (ब्रुवाण). It stands as nominative singular, masculine. prati-bādhase (प्रति-बाधसे) is a compound: toward, against, and bādhasa (बाधस). Read it from the end. It stands as locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter.
Sanskrit in this line
prati-bādhase (प्रति-बाधसे) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case. The line joins them as cāsati (चासति). The line writes it buddho.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss dharme (धर्मे) and sati (सति).