24.4
Mūlamadhyamakakārikā / 24. Āryasatya (आर्यसत्य) / 24.4
संघो नास्ति न चेत् सन्ति तेऽष्टौ पुरुषपुद्गलाः अभावाच् चार्यसत्यानां सद्धर्मोऽपि न विद्यते
saṃgho nāsti na cet santi te 'ṣṭau puruṣapudgalāḥ abhāvāc cāryasatyānāṃ saddharmo 'pi na vidyate
The line
If you say that saṃgha (संघ), is not, not, then are, they, those, eight, a compound: the person, and matter, because of because of absence, of a compound: and, and a noble truth, a compound: what is, and dharma, a property even, not is found.
Where it sits
In Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (मूलमध्यमककारिका), chapter 24. Āryasatya (आर्यसत्य). The noble truths. Verse 18 says what śūnyatā (शून्यता) is. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: saṃgho (संघो) + nāsti (नास्ति) + na (न) + cet (चेत्) + santi (सन्ति) + te (ते) + aṣṭau (अष्टौ) + puruṣa-pudgalāḥ (पुरुष-पुद्गलाः) + abhāvāt (अभावात्) + ca-āryasatyānāṃ (च-आर्यसत्यानां) + sad-dharmo (सद्-धर्मो) + api (अपि) + na (न) + vidyate (विद्यते)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| saṃgho (संघो) | nominative singular, masculine | saṃgha (संघ) |
| nāsti (नास्ति) | present, third person singular | is not |
| na (न) | indeclinable | not |
| cet (चेत्) | indeclinable | if you say, if |
| santi (सन्ति) | present, third person plural | are |
| te (ते) | nominative plural, masculine | they, those |
| aṣṭau (अष्टौ) | indeclinable | eight |
| puruṣa-pudgalāḥ (पुरुष-पुद्गलाः) | nominative plural | a compound: the person, and matter. Read it from the end |
| abhāvāt (अभावात्) | ablative singular | because of absence |
| ca-āryasatyānāṃ (च-आर्यसत्यानां) | genitive plural | a compound: and, and a noble truth. Read it from the end |
| sad-dharmo (सद्-धर्मो) | nominative singular, masculine | a compound: what is, and dharma, a property. Read it from the end |
| api (अपि) | indeclinable | also, even |
| na (न) | indeclinable | not |
| vidyate (विद्यते) | present, third person singular | is found |
The phrases
saṃgho (संघो) is saṃgha (संघ). It stands as nominative singular, masculine. nāsti (नास्ति) is is not. It stands as present, third person singular. na (न) is not. It stands as indeclinable. cet (चेत्) is if you say, if. It stands as indeclinable. santi (सन्ति) is are. It stands as present, third person plural. te (ते) is they, those. It stands as nominative plural, masculine. aṣṭau (अष्टौ) is eight. It stands as indeclinable. The apostrophe marks an a that was dropped.
puruṣa-pudgalāḥ (पुरुष-पुद्गलाः) is a compound: the person, and matter. Read it from the end. It stands as nominative plural. abhāvāt (अभावात्) is because of absence. It stands as ablative singular. The line writes it abhāvāc (अभावाच्). ca-āryasatyānāṃ (च-आर्यसत्यानां) is a compound: and, and a noble truth. Read it from the end. It stands as genitive plural. sad-dharmo (सद्-धर्मो) is a compound: what is, and dharma, a property. Read it from the end. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. api (अपि) is also, even. It stands as indeclinable. The apostrophe marks an a that was dropped. na (न) is not. It stands as indeclinable. vidyate (विद्यते) is is found. It stands as present, third person singular.
Sanskrit in this line
puruṣa-pudgalāḥ (पुरुष-पुद्गलाः) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case. The apostrophe marks an a that was dropped. The line writes it abhāvāc (अभावाच्). The apostrophe marks an a that was dropped.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss saṃgho (संघो) and nāsti (नास्ति).