24.21
Mūlamadhyamakakārikā / 24. Āryasatya (आर्यसत्य) / 24.21
अप्रतीत्य समुत्पन्नं कुतो दुःखं भविष्यति अनित्यमुक्तं दुःखं हि तत् स्वाभाव्ये न विद्यते
apratītya samutpannaṃ kuto duḥkhaṃ bhaviṣyati anityam uktaṃ duḥkhaṃ hi tat svābhāvye na vidyate
The line
Not having depended on, samutpanna (समुत्पन्न), from where. kutaḥ (कुतः) before a voiced sound, pain, will be, not eternal, what has been said, pain. That, in svābhāvya (स्वाभाव्य), not is found.
Where it sits
In Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (मूलमध्यमककारिका), chapter 24. Āryasatya (आर्यसत्य). The noble truths. Verse 18 says what śūnyatā (शून्यता) is. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: a-pratītya (अ-प्रतीत्य) + samutpannaṃ (समुत्पन्नं) + kuto (कुतो) + duḥkhaṃ (दुःखं) + bhaviṣyati (भविष्यति) + anityam (अनित्यम्) + uktaṃ (उक्तं) + duḥkhaṃ (दुःखं) + hi (हि) + tat (तत्) + svābhāvye (स्वाभाव्ये) + na (न) + vidyate (विद्यते)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| a-pratītya (अ-प्रतीत्य) | gerund | not having depended on |
| samutpannaṃ (समुत्पन्नं) | accusative singular, masculine, or nominative or accusative singular, neuter | samutpanna (समुत्पन्न) |
| kuto (कुतो) | indeclinable | from where. kutaḥ (कुतः) before a voiced sound |
| duḥkhaṃ (दुःखं) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | pain |
| bhaviṣyati (भविष्यति) | future, third person singular | will be |
| anityam (अनित्यम्) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | not eternal |
| uktaṃ (उक्तं) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | what has been said |
| duḥkhaṃ (दुःखं) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | pain |
| hi (हि) | indeclinable | for, indeed |
| tat (तत्) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | that |
| svābhāvye (स्वाभाव्ये) | locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter | svābhāvya (स्वाभाव्य) |
| na (न) | indeclinable | not |
| vidyate (विद्यते) | present, third person singular | is found |
The phrases
a-pratītya (अ-प्रतीत्य) is not having depended on. It stands as gerund. samutpannaṃ (समुत्पन्नं) is samutpanna (समुत्पन्न). It stands as accusative singular, masculine, or nominative or accusative singular, neuter. kuto (कुतो) is from where. kutaḥ (कुतः) before a voiced sound. It stands as indeclinable. duḥkhaṃ (दुःखं) is pain. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. bhaviṣyati (भविष्यति) is will be. It stands as future, third person singular. anityam (अनित्यम्) is not eternal. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. uktaṃ (उक्तं) is what has been said. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter.
duḥkhaṃ (दुःखं) is pain. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. hi (हि) is for, indeed. It stands as indeclinable. tat (तत्) is that. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. svābhāvye (स्वाभाव्ये) is svābhāvya (स्वाभाव्य). It stands as locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter. na (न) is not. It stands as indeclinable. vidyate (विद्यते) is is found. It stands as present, third person singular.
Sanskrit in this line
samutpannaṃ (समुत्पन्नं) is accusative singular, masculine, or nominative or accusative singular, neuter. That ending is the work an English preposition would do.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss a-pratītya (अ-प्रतीत्य) and samutpannaṃ (समुत्पन्नं).