24.22
Mūlamadhyamakakārikā / 24. Āryasatya (आर्यसत्य) / 24.22
स्वभावतो विद्यमानं किं पुनः समुदेष्यते तस्मात् समुदयो नास्ति शून्यतां प्रतिबाधतः
svabhāvato vidyamānaṃ kiṃ punaḥ samudeṣyate tasmāt samudayo nāsti śūnyatāṃ pratibādhataḥ
The line
svabhāvata (स्वभावत), a compound: vidya (विद्य), and a measure, a means of knowing, what, again, in samudeṣyata (समुदेष्यत), because of from that, samudaya (समुदय), is not, of emptiness, a compound: toward, against, and bādhata (बाधत).
Where it sits
In Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (मूलमध्यमककारिका), chapter 24. Āryasatya (आर्यसत्य). The noble truths. Verse 18 says what śūnyatā (शून्यता) is. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: svabhāvato (स्वभावतो) + vidya-mānaṃ (विद्य-मानं) + kiṃ (किं) + punaḥ (पुनः) + samudeṣyate (समुदेष्यते) + tasmāt (तस्मात्) + samudayo (समुदयो) + nāsti (नास्ति) + śūnyatāṃ (शून्यतां) + prati-bādhataḥ (प्रति-बाधतः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| svabhāvato (स्वभावतो) | nominative singular, masculine | svabhāvata (स्वभावत) |
| vidya-mānaṃ (विद्य-मानं) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | a compound: vidya (विद्य), and a measure, a means of knowing. Read it from the end |
| kiṃ (किं) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | what |
| punaḥ (पुनः) | indeclinable | again |
| samudeṣyate (समुदेष्यते) | locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter | samudeṣyata (समुदेष्यत) |
| tasmāt (तस्मात्) | ablative singular | from that |
| samudayo (समुदयो) | nominative singular, masculine | samudaya (समुदय) |
| nāsti (नास्ति) | present, third person singular | is not |
| śūnyatāṃ (शून्यतां) | genitive plural, or accusative singular, feminine | emptiness |
| prati-bādhataḥ (प्रति-बाधतः) | nominative singular, masculine | a compound: toward, against, and bādhata (बाधत). Read it from the end |
The phrases
svabhāvato (स्वभावतो) is svabhāvata (स्वभावत). It stands as nominative singular, masculine. vidya-mānaṃ (विद्य-मानं) is a compound: vidya (विद्य), and a measure, a means of knowing. Read it from the end. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. kiṃ (किं) is what. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. punaḥ (पुनः) is again. It stands as indeclinable. samudeṣyate (समुदेष्यते) is samudeṣyata (समुदेष्यत). It stands as locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter.
tasmāt (तस्मात्) is from that. It stands as ablative singular. samudayo (समुदयो) is samudaya (समुदय). It stands as nominative singular, masculine. nāsti (नास्ति) is is not. It stands as present, third person singular. śūnyatāṃ (शून्यतां) is emptiness. It stands as genitive plural, or accusative singular, feminine. prati-bādhataḥ (प्रति-बाधतः) is a compound: toward, against, and bādhata (बाधत). Read it from the end. It stands as nominative singular, masculine.
Sanskrit in this line
prati-bādhataḥ (प्रति-बाधतः) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss svabhāvato (स्वभावतो) and vidya-mānaṃ (विद्य-मानं).