12.4
Mūlamadhyamakakārikā / 12. Duḥkha (दुःख) / 12.4
स्वपुद्गलकृतं दुःखं यदि दुःखं पुनर् विना स्वपुद्गलः स कतमो येन दुःखं स्वयं कृतम्
svapudgalakṛtaṃ duḥkhaṃ yadi duḥkhaṃ punar vinā svapudgalaḥ sa katamo yena duḥkhaṃ svayaṃ kṛtam
The line
A compound: one's own, matter, and made, done, pain, if, pain, again, without, a compound: one's own, and matter, he, that. saḥ (सः) before a consonant, katama (कतम), by means of by which, pain, by itself, oneself, done.
Where it sits
In Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (मूलमध्यमककारिका), chapter 12. Duḥkha (दुःख). Pain. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: sva-pudgala-kṛtaṃ (स्व-पुद्गल-कृतं) + duḥkhaṃ (दुःखं) + yadi (यदि) + duḥkhaṃ (दुःखं) + punar (पुनर्) + vinā (विना) + sva-pudgalaḥ (स्व-पुद्गलः) + sa (स) + katamo (कतमो) + yena (येन) + duḥkhaṃ (दुःखं) + svayaṃ (स्वयं) + kṛtam (कृतम्)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| sva-pudgala-kṛtaṃ (स्व-पुद्गल-कृतं) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | a compound: one's own, matter, and made, done. Read it from the end |
| duḥkhaṃ (दुःखं) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | pain |
| yadi (यदि) | indeclinable | if |
| duḥkhaṃ (दुःखं) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | pain |
| punar (पुनर्) | indeclinable | again |
| vinā (विना) | indeclinable | without |
| sva-pudgalaḥ (स्व-पुद्गलः) | nominative singular, masculine | a compound: one's own, and matter. Read it from the end |
| sa (स) | nominative singular, masculine | he, that. saḥ (सः) before a consonant |
| katamo (कतमो) | nominative singular, masculine | katama (कतम) |
| yena (येन) | instrumental singular | by which |
| duḥkhaṃ (दुःखं) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | pain |
| svayaṃ (स्वयं) | indeclinable | by itself, oneself |
| kṛtam (कृतम्) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | done |
The phrases
sva-pudgala-kṛtaṃ (स्व-पुद्गल-कृतं) is a compound: one's own, matter, and made, done. Read it from the end. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. duḥkhaṃ (दुःखं) is pain. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. yadi (यदि) is if. It stands as indeclinable. duḥkhaṃ (दुःखं) is pain. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. punar (पुनर्) is again. It stands as indeclinable. vinā (विना) is without. It stands as indeclinable. sva-pudgalaḥ (स्व-पुद्गलः) is a compound: one's own, and matter. Read it from the end. It stands as nominative singular, masculine.
sa (स) is he, that. saḥ (सः) before a consonant. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. katamo (कतमो) is katama (कतम). It stands as nominative singular, masculine. yena (येन) is by which. It stands as instrumental singular. duḥkhaṃ (दुःखं) is pain. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. svayaṃ (स्वयं) is by itself, oneself. It stands as indeclinable. kṛtam (कृतम्) is done. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter.
Sanskrit in this line
sva-pudgala-kṛtaṃ (स्व-पुद्गल-कृतं) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss sva-pudgala-kṛtaṃ (स्व-पुद्गल-कृतं) and duḥkhaṃ (दुःखं).