19.1
Mūlamadhyamakakārikā / 19. Kāla (काल) / 19.1
प्रत्युत्पन्नोऽनागतश् च यद्यतीतमपेक्ष्य हि प्रत्युत्पन्नोऽनागतश् च कालेऽतीते भविष्यतः
pratyutpanno 'nāgataś ca yady atītam apekṣya hi pratyutpanno 'nāgataś ca kāle 'tīte bhaviṣyataḥ
The line
A compound: toward, against, and utpanna (उत्पन्न), not not and, if. yadi before a vowel, gone beyond, apekṣya (अपेक्ष्य). A compound: toward, against, and utpanna (उत्पन्न), not not and, in time, in gone beyond, bhaviṣyata (भविष्यत).
Where it sits
In Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (मूलमध्यमककारिका), chapter 19. Kāla (काल). Time. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: prati-utpanno (प्रति-उत्पन्नो) + a-na (अ-न) + ca (च) + yady (यद्य्) + atītam (अतीतम्) + apekṣya (अपेक्ष्य) + hi (हि) + prati-utpanno (प्रति-उत्पन्नो) + a-na (अ-न) + ca (च) + kāle (काले) + atīte (अतीते) + bhaviṣyataḥ (भविष्यतः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| prati-utpanno (प्रति-उत्पन्नो) | nominative singular, masculine | a compound: toward, against, and utpanna (उत्पन्न). Read it from the end |
| a-na (अ-न) | indeclinable | not not |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and |
| yady (यद्य्) | indeclinable | if. yadi before a vowel |
| atītam (अतीतम्) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | gone beyond |
| apekṣya (अपेक्ष्य) | the form as the line writes it | this word, as the line writes it |
| hi (हि) | indeclinable | for, indeed |
| prati-utpanno (प्रति-उत्पन्नो) | nominative singular, masculine | a compound: toward, against, and utpanna (उत्पन्न). Read it from the end |
| a-na (अ-न) | indeclinable | not not |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and |
| kāle (काले) | locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter | time |
| atīte (अतीते) | locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter | gone beyond |
| bhaviṣyataḥ (भविष्यतः) | nominative singular, masculine | bhaviṣyata (भविष्यत) |
The phrases
prati-utpanno (प्रति-उत्पन्नो) is a compound: toward, against, and utpanna (उत्पन्न). Read it from the end. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. a-na (अ-न) is not not. It stands as indeclinable. The apostrophe marks an a that was dropped. ca (च) is and. It stands as indeclinable. yady (यद्य्) is if. yadi before a vowel. It stands as indeclinable. atītam (अतीतम्) is gone beyond. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. apekṣya (अपेक्ष्य) is this word, as the line writes it. It stands as the form as the line writes it. hi (हि) is for, indeed. It stands as indeclinable.
prati-utpanno (प्रति-उत्पन्नो) is a compound: toward, against, and utpanna (उत्पन्न). Read it from the end. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. a-na (अ-न) is not not. It stands as indeclinable. The apostrophe marks an a that was dropped. ca (च) is and. It stands as indeclinable. kāle (काले) is time. It stands as locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter. atīte (अतीते) is gone beyond. It stands as locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter. The apostrophe marks an a that was dropped. bhaviṣyataḥ (भविष्यतः) is bhaviṣyata (भविष्यत). It stands as nominative singular, masculine.
Sanskrit in this line
prati-utpanno (प्रति-उत्पन्नो) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case. The apostrophe marks an a that was dropped. The apostrophe marks an a that was dropped. The apostrophe marks an a that was dropped.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss prati-utpanno (प्रति-उत्पन्नो) and a-na (अ-न).