21.3
Mūlamadhyamakakārikā / 21. Saṃbhavavibhava (संभवविभव) / 21.3
संभवेनैव विभवः कथं सह भविष्यति न जन्म मरणं चैवं तुल्यकालं हि विद्यते
saṃbhavenaiva vibhavaḥ kathaṃ saha bhaviṣyati na janma maraṇaṃ caivaṃ tulyakālaṃ hi vidyate
The line
By means of arising just, passing away, how, together with, will be, not birth, maraṇa (मरण) and thus, a compound: like, equal, and time. Is found.
Where it sits
In Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (मूलमध्यमककारिका), chapter 21. Saṃbhavavibhava (संभवविभव). Arising and passing away. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: saṃbhavena (संभवेन) + eva (एव) + vibhavaḥ (विभवः) + kathaṃ (कथं) + saha (सह) + bhaviṣyati (भविष्यति) + na (न) + janma (जन्म) + maraṇaṃ (मरणं) + ca (च) + evaṃ (एवं) + tulya-kālaṃ (तुल्य-कालं) + hi (हि) + vidyate (विद्यते)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| saṃbhavena (संभवेन) | instrumental singular | arising |
| eva (एव) | indeclinable | only, just |
| vibhavaḥ (विभवः) | nominative singular, masculine | passing away |
| kathaṃ (कथं) | indeclinable | how |
| saha (सह) | indeclinable | together with |
| bhaviṣyati (भविष्यति) | future, third person singular | will be |
| na (न) | indeclinable | not |
| janma (जन्म) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | birth |
| maraṇaṃ (मरणं) | accusative singular, masculine, or nominative or accusative singular, neuter | maraṇa (मरण) |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and |
| evaṃ (एवं) | indeclinable | in this way |
| tulya-kālaṃ (तुल्य-कालं) | accusative singular, masculine | a compound: like, equal, and time. Read it from the end |
| hi (हि) | indeclinable | for, indeed |
| vidyate (विद्यते) | present, third person singular | is found |
The phrases
saṃbhavena (संभवेन) is arising. It stands as instrumental singular. eva (एव) is only, just. It stands as indeclinable. The line joins it on as saṃbhavenaiva (संभवेनैव). vibhavaḥ (विभवः) is passing away. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. kathaṃ (कथं) is how. It stands as indeclinable. saha (सह) is together with. It stands as indeclinable. bhaviṣyati (भविष्यति) is will be. It stands as future, third person singular. na (न) is not. It stands as indeclinable.
janma (जन्म) is birth. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. maraṇaṃ (मरणं) is maraṇa (मरण). It stands as accusative singular, masculine, or nominative or accusative singular, neuter. ca (च) is and. It stands as indeclinable. evaṃ (एवं) is in this way. It stands as indeclinable. The line joins them as caivaṃ (चैवं). tulya-kālaṃ (तुल्य-कालं) is a compound: like, equal, and time. Read it from the end. It stands as accusative singular, masculine. hi (हि) is for, indeed. It stands as indeclinable. vidyate (विद्यते) is is found. It stands as present, third person singular.
Sanskrit in this line
tulya-kālaṃ (तुल्य-कालं) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case. The line joins it on as saṃbhavenaiva (संभवेनैव). The line joins them as caivaṃ (चैवं).
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss saṃbhavena (संभवेन) and vibhavaḥ (विभवः).