23.20
Mūlamadhyamakakārikā / 23. Viparyāsa (विपर्यास) / 23.20
न स्वतो जायते भावः परतो नैव जायते न स्वतः परतश् चेति विपर्ययगतः कुतः
na svato jāyate bhāvaḥ parato naiva jāyate na svataḥ parataś ceti viparyayagataḥ kutaḥ
The line
Not from itself, arises, is born, a being, a state, from another, not just, arises, is born, not from itself, from another and thus, a compound: the reverse, and gone, from where, how.
Where it sits
In Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (मूलमध्यमककारिका), chapter 23. Viparyāsa (विपर्यास). The reversals, taking the impure for the pure and the rest. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: na (न) + svataḥ (स्वतः) + jāyate (जायते) + bhāvaḥ (भावः) + parataḥ (परतः) + na (न) + eva (एव) + jāyate (जायते) + na (न) + svataḥ (स्वतः) + parataḥ (परतः) + ca (च) + iti (इति) + viparyaya-gataḥ (विपर्यय-गतः) + kutaḥ (कुतः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| na (न) | indeclinable | not |
| svataḥ (स्वतः) | the stem, as the line writes it | from itself |
| jāyate (जायते) | present, third person singular | arises, is born |
| bhāvaḥ (भावः) | nominative singular, masculine | a being, a state |
| parataḥ (परतः) | the stem, as the line writes it | from another |
| na (न) | indeclinable | not |
| eva (एव) | indeclinable | only, just |
| jāyate (जायते) | present, third person singular | arises, is born |
| na (न) | indeclinable | not |
| svataḥ (स्वतः) | the stem, as the line writes it | from itself |
| parataḥ (परतः) | the stem, as the line writes it | from another |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and |
| iti (इति) | indeclinable | thus. It closes a quote or a thought |
| viparyaya-gataḥ (विपर्यय-गतः) | nominative singular, masculine | a compound: the reverse, and gone. Read it from the end |
| kutaḥ (कुतः) | indeclinable | from where, how |
The phrases
na (न) is not. It stands as indeclinable. svataḥ (स्वतः) is from itself. It stands as the stem, as the line writes it. The line writes it svato. jāyate (जायते) is arises, is born. It stands as present, third person singular. bhāvaḥ (भावः) is a being, a state. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. parataḥ (परतः) is from another. It stands as the stem, as the line writes it. The line writes it parato. na (न) is not. It stands as indeclinable. eva (एव) is only, just. It stands as indeclinable. The line joins them as naiva. jāyate (जायते) is arises, is born. It stands as present, third person singular.
na (न) is not. It stands as indeclinable. svataḥ (स्वतः) is from itself. It stands as the stem, as the line writes it. parataḥ (परतः) is from another. It stands as the stem, as the line writes it. The line writes it parataś (परतश्). ca (च) is and. It stands as indeclinable. iti (इति) is thus. It closes a quote or a thought. It stands as indeclinable. The line joins them as ceti. viparyaya-gataḥ (विपर्यय-गतः) is a compound: the reverse, and gone. Read it from the end. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. kutaḥ (कुतः) is from where, how. It stands as indeclinable.
Sanskrit in this line
viparyaya-gataḥ (विपर्यय-गतः) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case. The line writes it svato. The line writes it parato. The line joins them as naiva. The line writes it parataś (परतश्). The line joins them as ceti.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss svataḥ (स्वतः) and jāyate (जायते).