23.21
Mūlamadhyamakakārikā / 23. Viparyāsa (विपर्यास) / 23.21
आत्मा च शुचि नित्यं च सुखं च यदि विद्यते आत्मा च शुचि नित्यं च सुखं च न विपर्ययः
ātmā ca śuci nityaṃ ca sukhaṃ ca yadi vidyate ātmā ca śuci nityaṃ ca sukhaṃ ca na viparyayaḥ
The line
The self and, in śuca (शुच), always and, pleasure and, if, is found, the self and, in śuca (शुच), always and, pleasure and, not the reverse.
Where it sits
In Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (मूलमध्यमककारिका), chapter 23. Viparyāsa (विपर्यास). The reversals, taking the impure for the pure and the rest. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: ātmā (आत्मा) + ca (च) + śuci (शुचि) + nityaṃ (नित्यं) + ca (च) + sukhaṃ (सुखं) + ca (च) + yadi (यदि) + vidyate (विद्यते) + ātmā (आत्मा) + ca (च) + śuci (शुचि) + nityaṃ (नित्यं) + ca (च) + sukhaṃ (सुखं) + ca (च) + na (न) + viparyayaḥ (विपर्ययः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| ātmā (आत्मा) | nominative singular, masculine | the self |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and |
| śuci (शुचि) | locative singular, or nominative singular | śuca (शुच) |
| nityaṃ (नित्यं) | indeclinable | always |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and |
| sukhaṃ (सुखं) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | pleasure |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and |
| yadi (यदि) | indeclinable | if |
| vidyate (विद्यते) | present, third person singular | is found |
| ātmā (आत्मा) | nominative singular, masculine | the self |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and |
| śuci (शुचि) | locative singular, or nominative singular | śuca (शुच) |
| nityaṃ (नित्यं) | indeclinable | always |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and |
| sukhaṃ (सुखं) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | pleasure |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and |
| na (न) | indeclinable | not |
| viparyayaḥ (विपर्ययः) | nominative singular, masculine | the reverse |
The phrases
ātmā (आत्मा) is the self. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. ca (च) is and. It stands as indeclinable. śuci (शुचि) is śuca (शुच). It stands as locative singular, or nominative singular. nityaṃ (नित्यं) is always. It stands as indeclinable. ca (च) is and. It stands as indeclinable. sukhaṃ (सुखं) is pleasure. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. ca (च) is and. It stands as indeclinable. yadi (यदि) is if. It stands as indeclinable. vidyate (विद्यते) is is found. It stands as present, third person singular.
ātmā (आत्मा) is the self. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. ca (च) is and. It stands as indeclinable. śuci (शुचि) is śuca (शुच). It stands as locative singular, or nominative singular. nityaṃ (नित्यं) is always. It stands as indeclinable. ca (च) is and. It stands as indeclinable. sukhaṃ (सुखं) is pleasure. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. ca (च) is and. It stands as indeclinable. na (न) is not. It stands as indeclinable. viparyayaḥ (विपर्ययः) is the reverse. It stands as nominative singular, masculine.
Sanskrit in this line
viparyayaḥ (विपर्ययः) is nominative singular, masculine. That ending is the work an English preposition would do.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss ātmā (आत्मा) and śuci (शुचि).