23.22
Mūlamadhyamakakārikā / 23. Viparyāsa (विपर्यास) / 23.22
नात्मा च शुचि नित्यं च सुखं च यदि विद्यते अनात्माऽशुच्यनित्यं च नैव दुःखं च विद्यते
nātmā ca śuci nityaṃ ca sukhaṃ ca yadi vidyate anātmā 'śucy anityaṃ ca naiva duḥkhaṃ ca vidyate
The line
Not the self and, in śuca (शुच), always and, pleasure and, if, is found, not the self, aśucy (अशुच्य्), not eternal and, not just, pain and, is found.
Where it sits
In Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (मूलमध्यमककारिका), chapter 23. Viparyāsa (विपर्यास). The reversals, taking the impure for the pure and the rest. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: na (न) + ātmā (आत्मा) + ca (च) + śuci (शुचि) + nityaṃ (नित्यं) + ca (च) + sukhaṃ (सुखं) + ca (च) + yadi (यदि) + vidyate (विद्यते) + anātmā (अनात्मा) + aśucy (अशुच्य्) + anityaṃ (अनित्यं) + ca (च) + na (न) + eva (एव) + duḥkhaṃ (दुःखं) + ca (च) + vidyate (विद्यते)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| na (न) | indeclinable | not |
| ātmā (आत्मा) | nominative singular, masculine | the self |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and |
| śuci (शुचि) | locative singular, or nominative singular | śuca (शुच) |
| nityaṃ (नित्यं) | indeclinable | always |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and |
| sukhaṃ (सुखं) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | pleasure |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and |
| yadi (यदि) | indeclinable | if |
| vidyate (विद्यते) | present, third person singular | is found |
| anātmā (अनात्मा) | nominative singular, feminine, or instrumental singular | not the self |
| aśucy (अशुच्य्) | the form as the line writes it | this word, as the line writes it |
| anityaṃ (अनित्यं) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | not eternal |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and |
| na (न) | indeclinable | not |
| eva (एव) | indeclinable | only, just |
| duḥkhaṃ (दुःखं) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | pain |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and |
| vidyate (विद्यते) | present, third person singular | is found |
The phrases
na (न) is not. It stands as indeclinable. ātmā (आत्मा) is the self. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. The line joins them as nātmā (नात्मा). ca (च) is and. It stands as indeclinable. śuci (शुचि) is śuca (शुच). It stands as locative singular, or nominative singular. nityaṃ (नित्यं) is always. It stands as indeclinable. ca (च) is and. It stands as indeclinable. sukhaṃ (सुखं) is pleasure. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. ca (च) is and. It stands as indeclinable. yadi (यदि) is if. It stands as indeclinable. vidyate (विद्यते) is is found. It stands as present, third person singular.
anātmā (अनात्मा) is not the self. It stands as nominative singular, feminine, or instrumental singular. aśucy (अशुच्य्) is this word, as the line writes it. It stands as the form as the line writes it. The apostrophe marks an a that was dropped. anityaṃ (अनित्यं) is not eternal. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. ca (च) is and. It stands as indeclinable. na (न) is not. It stands as indeclinable. eva (एव) is only, just. It stands as indeclinable. The line joins them as naiva. duḥkhaṃ (दुःखं) is pain. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. ca (च) is and. It stands as indeclinable. vidyate (विद्यते) is is found. It stands as present, third person singular.
Sanskrit in this line
The apostrophe is an avagraha. It marks an a that sandhi dropped. The sitting puts that a back. The line joins them as nātmā (नात्मा). The apostrophe marks an a that was dropped. The line joins them as naiva.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss ātmā (आत्मा) and śuci (शुचि).