24.34
Mūlamadhyamakakārikā / 24. Āryasatya (आर्यसत्य) / 24.34
विना धर्ममधर्मं च फलं हि तव विद्यते धर्माधर्मनिमित्तं च फलं तव न विद्यते
vinā dharmam adharmaṃ ca phalaṃ hi tava vidyate dharmādharmanimittaṃ ca phalaṃ tava na vidyate
The line
Without, dharma, a property, the medium of rest and, the fruit. Of of you, is found, a compound: dharma, a property, the medium of rest, and the efficient ground and, the fruit, of of you, not is found.
Where it sits
In Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (मूलमध्यमककारिका), chapter 24. Āryasatya (आर्यसत्य). The noble truths. Verse 18 says what śūnyatā (शून्यता) is. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: vinā (विना) + dharmam (धर्मम्) + adharmaṃ (अधर्मं) + ca (च) + phalaṃ (फलं) + hi (हि) + tava (तव) + vidyate (विद्यते) + dharma-adharma-nimittaṃ (धर्म-अधर्म-निमित्तं) + ca (च) + phalaṃ (फलं) + tava (तव) + na (न) + vidyate (विद्यते)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| vinā (विना) | indeclinable | without |
| dharmam (धर्मम्) | accusative singular, masculine | dharma, a property |
| adharmaṃ (अधर्मं) | accusative singular, masculine | the medium of rest |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and |
| phalaṃ (फलं) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | the fruit |
| hi (हि) | indeclinable | for, indeed |
| tava (तव) | genitive singular | of you |
| vidyate (विद्यते) | present, third person singular | is found |
| dharma-adharma-nimittaṃ (धर्म-अधर्म-निमित्तं) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | a compound: dharma, a property, the medium of rest, and the efficient ground. Read it from the end |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and |
| phalaṃ (फलं) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | the fruit |
| tava (तव) | genitive singular | of you |
| na (न) | indeclinable | not |
| vidyate (विद्यते) | present, third person singular | is found |
The phrases
vinā (विना) is without. It stands as indeclinable. dharmam (धर्मम्) is dharma, a property. It stands as accusative singular, masculine. adharmaṃ (अधर्मं) is the medium of rest. It stands as accusative singular, masculine. ca (च) is and. It stands as indeclinable. phalaṃ (फलं) is the fruit. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. hi (हि) is for, indeed. It stands as indeclinable. tava (तव) is of you. It stands as genitive singular.
vidyate (विद्यते) is is found. It stands as present, third person singular. dharma-adharma-nimittaṃ (धर्म-अधर्म-निमित्तं) is a compound: dharma, a property, the medium of rest, and the efficient ground. Read it from the end. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. ca (च) is and. It stands as indeclinable. phalaṃ (फलं) is the fruit. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. tava (तव) is of you. It stands as genitive singular. na (न) is not. It stands as indeclinable. vidyate (विद्यते) is is found. It stands as present, third person singular.
Sanskrit in this line
dharma-adharma-nimittaṃ (धर्म-अधर्म-निमित्तं) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss vinā (विना) and dharmam (धर्मम्).